Lucky Charms

Lucky charms: Some people swear by them while others think they’re silly. But regardless of whether a rabbit’s foot or a favorite number really attracts Lady Luck, lucky charms can be fun and make you feel more optimistic. When you have fun and feel more positive, that attitude makes you luckier, too!

If you don’t have a favorite lucky symbol already, maybe it’s time to find one that inspires you. Here are some popular lucky charms from around the world.

Lucky Four-Leaf Clover Charms

Four-leaf clovers are an ancient Irish symbol of luck. Among the Celtic, it was a common belief that a four-leaf clover could help people see fairies and avoid their mischief, a common source of bad luck.  The four leaves were rumored to have mystical powers representing positive attributes. Some legends attribute them to faith, hope, love, and luck, while others say they’ll bring fame, wealth, health, and faithful love.

There are many variations of clover that always have four leaves, but the lucky ones come from the white clover plant, Trifolium repens. “Trifolium” literally means three-leaved; four-leaved plants are a genetic mutation.  True four-leaf clovers are rare, with only about one in 10,000 plants carrying the lucky leaves.  To know you’ve found a true four-leaf clover, look for one leaflet that’s smaller than the others. If all four leaflets are the same size, you are probably looking at the wrong variety of clover.

Lucky Horseshoe Charms

Horseshoes are one of the oldest lucky superstitions, with various legends from different cultures attributing lucky powers to them. One legend says that horseshoes are lucky because they are made of iron. Mischievous fairies couldn’t stand the touch of iron, so they shied away from houses that had horseshoes on them.

Another legend attributes lucky horseshoes to Saint Dunstan. According to the legend, the devil commanded Dunstan, who was a blacksmith, to shoe his horse. Instead, Dunstan nailed a horseshoe to the devil’s foot. He only agreed to remove it and ease the devil’s pain when he received a guarantee that the devil would stay away from any house with a horseshoe on the door. After that, any house with a horseshoe was guaranteed to be lucky.

Lucky Dice (Fuzzy or Otherwise) Charms

Many games of chance are played with dice, so it’s no surprise that they became a symbol of luck. You might be surprised to know that, unlike many of the lucky charms on this list, fuzzy dice are a relatively recent invention. During World War II, fighter pilots would fly missions with terrible odds of coming home again. They’d bring lucky charms with them in the hopes of tipping the odds in their favor. Gambling items like cards and dice were popular charms to bring aboard the fighter planes. Knowing the WWII tradition, Deccofelt Corp started marketing fuzzy dice to hang on the rearview mirrors of cars in 1959, and a fad was born. 

Ladybugs as Good Luck Charms

Ladybugs are popular insects worldwide, and many cultures believe they bring good luck. In German-speaking countries, they are literally called lucky bugs: “Glückskäfer”

How can a ladybug make you luckier? Some cultures say that if a ladybug lands on you and you don’t brush it off, your luck will improve. Others say that they’re a sign of impending love. For example, if a man and a woman see a ladybug at the same time, they’ll fall in love. In Belgium, a ladybug crawling across a maiden’s hand was a sign that she would soon be married.

And that’s not the only way ladybugs bring luck. Farmers believed a large number of ladybugs in the spring was a harbinger of a good harvest that year. Be careful, however, around these cheerful-looking insects. Killing a ladybug can bring you misfortune. When you pick your lucky charm, keep in mind that all ladybugs are not created equal in the luck department; The deeper red their color and the more spots they have, the luckier you’ll be!

Lucky Number Seven Charms

Growing up, you may have heard that seven was the luckiest number, but did anyone tell you why? The number seven is connected with luck, perfection, and knowledge in many cultures.

One reason might be that the number seven has special mathematical properties. The ancient Greeks called 7 “the perfect number,” the sum of 3 (triangle) and 4 (square), which are perfect forms. Seven is an important number in other ways, too:

There are 7 days of the week.

There are 7 colors in the rainbow.

7 planets are visible to the naked eye.

The 7th son of a 7th son is supposed to be especially gifted and lucky.

7 is a winning roll in many games of chance.

How can you adopt the lucky seven as a lucky charm? You could make a slot machine showing all sevens or you could be more subtle and pick 21 as your token: three sevens.

Lucky Number Eight Charms

In China, however, the number 8 is considered the luckiest number, not 7. The reason is much clearer than with the number 7: Its luck-bringing properties stem from a play on words. In Chinese, the word for the number 8 sounds a lot like the word for prosperity. The number 8, with its two graceful curves, is also a balanced number. Balance and harmony are believed to be vital ingredients for a lucky life.

Lucky Rabbit Foot Charms

Lucky rabbit foot keychains, whether real or faux, are popular symbols of luck. The original legend says that the left hind foot of a rabbit that is captured in a cemetery at night can ward off evil magic. Luckily, you don’t have to go through that much effort to have a fun rabbit’s foot charm for inspiration. There are fake rabbits’ feet for sale if you don’t want to harm an actual bunny.

More Lucky Animal Charms

Rabbits aren’t the only animals to be used as a lucky charm. Here are some more animals you can use as your lucky symbol:

In feng shui, goldfish are said to attract luck and prosperity. Dragons and horses are also considered lucky.

In Germany, lucky pigs (“Glücksschwein”) are given as tokens to wish friends and family a happy and lucky New Year.

Turtles and tortoises are considered lucky due to their long lifespans.

Ancient Egyptians considered the scarab beetle to be lucky.

In Korea, the swallow is considered a sign of good luck thanks to the story of ​Heungbu and Nolbu, where a sparrow rewarded a kind deed with prosperity.

Rainbow Good Luck Charms

Rainbows are considered lucky because of the legend that says that if you dig at the end of a rainbow, you’ll find a pot of gold. Rainbows are great lucky symbols because they’re beautiful and cheery.

Lucky Coin Charms

Most of us know the old saying, “Find a penny, pick it up, and all that day you’ll have good luck!” Those found pennies are fun luck-bringers. Some people say that not just any penny lying on the ground is lucky, but that lucky pennies have to be found face-up.

Lucky Bamboo Charms

Lucky bamboo is technically not bamboo at all, but a close relative called Dracaena. It’s a hardy, long-lived plant, which might account for its lucky properties.

The more stalks a lucky bamboo plant has, the more luck it brings. A plant with three stalks is said to bring happiness, wealth and longevity to the owners. What benefits would more stalks bring you? Of course, any green plant is a good lucky charm in your home or office. According to The Sill, studies show they improve your mood and clean the air indoors.

Dreamcatcher Luck Charms

Dreamcatchers come from Native American lore. Looking like a web or net stretched over a loop and decorated with bright beads and feathers, they catch bad dreams as they enter a household.  By capturing the disturbing dreams, they make the owner happier, more balanced, and luckier. Plus, they look cool, too.

To use dreamcatchers as lucky charms, hang one inside your office window to keep bad luck away. Or buy a pair of dreamcatcher earrings or a dreamcatcher necklace to bring luck with you wherever you go.

Evil Eyes to Ward Off Bad Luck

While you may give someone the evil eye when they annoy you, people used to take malevolent looks much more seriously. Usually triggered by jealousy, giving someone an evil eye was supposed to cause all manner of suffering from mental illness to physical maladies. For thousands of years, people have been using evil eye talismans, or nazur, to ward off the bad luck caused by these curses.

The evil eye lucky charm takes several different forms. Some cultures use a hand with an eye in its center for protection. Others use simple blue or green beads. But some of the most popular and beautiful evil eye talismans come from Turkey. They use glass beads with alternating blue and white circles to bring themselves more luck.

Acorns as Lucky Symbols

Because of its association with the Norse god Odin, the lowly acorn is also considered a symbol of luck. Odin hung himself from an oak tree to gain knowledge, so the acorn has come to symbolize wisdom. The Norse also believed that acorns could bring divine protection and placed them in the windows of their homes to ward off lightning. During the Norse Invasion, Englishmen would carry acorns in their pockets, perhaps hoping that they’d make their conquerors more sympathetic.

As the saying, “great oaks from little acorns grow ” indicates, acorns also signify fertility, youth, and prosperity.

SOURCE: LIVEABOUT.COM

What Shall we Bake Today?

Since St. Patty’s Day is this month, how about a green bundt cake?  This recipe is super easy and quick using a cake mix and canned frosting!

Pistachio Bundt Cake

Ingredients

1 box Pillsbury™ Classic White cake mix

1 box (3.4 ounce pistachio instant pudding mix)

1 cup water

1/2 cup vegetable oil

3 large eggs

1 can Pillsbury™ Classic White frosting

Chopped pistachios for garnish (optional)

Instructions

Preheat oven to 350 degrees.

Spray a bundt pan with cooking spray if needed and set aside.

In a large bowl mix together cake mix and pudding mix.

Stir in water, vegetable oil and eggs until batter is smooth.

Pour into bundt pan and bake for 39-43 minutes until toothpick inserted into the center of the cake comes out clean.

Cool cake completely.

Carefully turn cake over onto serving plate.

Remove top and foil from frosting and microwave in 15 second intervals until frosting is pourable but not hot.

Drizzle frosting over cake and sprinkle with chopped pistachios.

Set aside until frosting is firm.

Enjoy!

Colorado State Flower: Columbine

The state flower of Colorado is the Rocky Mountain Columbine (Aquilegia caerulea). The Rocky Mountain Columbine is a beautiful and delicate wildflower with unique two-tone flowers. It features white petals and deep blue-violet sepals, giving it a striking appearance.

The flower’s colors are said to symbolize Colorado’s blue skies and snow-capped mountains. The Rocky Mountain Columbine was designated as the state flower of Colorado in 1899. It is cherished for its beauty and its connection to the state’s rugged and scenic landscapes.

The Rocky Mountain Columbine (Aquilegia caerulea) is a perennial wildflower native to the western United States, particularly the Rocky Mountain region. It is a member of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) and is known for its striking and distinctive flowers.

Flowers: The flowers of the Rocky Mountain Columbine are its most defining feature. They have a unique and elegant design with white petals that form a star-like shape and deep blue-violet sepals that extend backward. The sepals are often mistaken for petals, creating a visually stunning contrast. In the center of the flower are bright yellow stamens and delicate, nectar-filled spurs that attract pollinators.

Leaves: The Rocky Mountain Columbine has fern-like, light green leaves that grow along the stems. The foliage adds to the plant’s overall attractiveness, even when it is not in bloom.

Habitat: As its name suggests, the Rocky Mountain Columbine thrives in mountainous regions, often found at elevations between 6,000 to 10,000 feet (1,800 to 3,000 meters) above sea level. It prefers well-drained soil and is commonly found in open woodlands, meadows, and rocky slopes.

Blooming Season: The Rocky Mountain Columbine typically blooms in late spring to early summer, depending on the elevation and climate. Its flowers provide a valuable source of nectar for pollinators like bees and hummingbirds during this time.

Cultural Significance: The Rocky Mountain Columbine holds special significance for the state of Colorado, where it is designated as the official state flower. Its blue and white colors are said to represent the blue skies and snow-capped mountains of the region. It is celebrated in various festivals and events throughout the state.

SOURCE: The Garden Magazine

The white and lavender Rocky Mountain Columbine was designated the official state flower of Colorado in 1899 after winning the vote of Colorado’s school children.

Discovered in 1820 on Pike’s Peak by mountain climber Edwin James, the Rocky Mountain columbine (Columbine Aquilegia caerulea) is a lovely flower with a rich aroma to attract bees, hummingbirds and butterflies to its nectar. The Latin word aquila means “Eagle” and refers to the claw-like spurs at the base of the flower.

Columbines bloom in pastel shades of blue, violet, red, yellow and white. There are 70 species of columbines in the world and about 1/3 are native to North America. Colorado specifies the white and lavender Rocky Mt. Columbine which has blue-violet petals and spurs, a white cup and yellow center. Blue is a symbol of the sky, white represents snow, and yellow symbolizes Colorado’s gold mining history.

SOURCE: STATE SYMBOLS USA

Uses for Expired Baking Soda

I found this article on the Real Advice Gal.com website and I had to share. She details ways to use up expired baking soda!!! 

From Real Advice Gal.com:

Here are My Top 10 Uses for Baking Powder

For Cleaning

So, you forgot about that baking powder you bought last year and now it’s expired. Don’t throw it away just yet! There are actually a few surprising uses for expired baking powder that might come in handy. And for me, the best way is to use expired baking powder to clean!

Baking powder can be used as a natural cleaner for various household items. It can be mixed with water to make a paste and used to scrub away stains on sinks, countertops, and stovetops.

Use it to soak for pots and pans – Stuck on foods making pots and pans hard to clean? Soak them in a mix of hot water and baking powder and you won’t have to scrub so hard!

As a Crayon Mark remover -Did little one decided to use the wall to make a master piece? Use a mix of hot water and baking powder and gently scrub the marks off with a toothbrush.

As a Cleaner for your Microwave – Put 2 tbsp of baking powder and 2 cups of water in a microwave safe bowl and microwave for 2 minutes. This will loosen any stuck on food and make it where you can easily wipe it clean!

Deodorizer

Baking powder can be used to absorb unpleasant odors in refrigerators, closets, and shoes. Simply place an open container of baking powder in the area and let it absorb the odor.

You can sprinkle some baking powder on your carpets and then vacuum it up to suck up some of those set in odors.  The same can also be done for car seats (fabric, not leather)!

As a freshener for your shoes:Fill a pair of socks with baking powder and tie off the ends. Stick them in shoes you want to keep fresh!

Natural Deodorant

Baking powder can be mixed with water to create a natural deodorant. Apply it under the arms to absorb moisture and neutralize odors.

Detergent Booster

Put a tsp of baking powder in with your clothes and it will help remove odors in the wash.

Degreaser

Got a grease stain on your shirt? Sprinkle some baking powder on the spot and leave it to soak up the grease, wash as usual and the grease spot will be gone!

As a Way to Keep Out Ants

Ants invading your house? Mix an equal amount of baking powder and salt and sprinkle around the outside of doors and windows to deter them.

As a Gas Blocker

A tsp of baking powder in water while cooking dried beans will lesson gas and bloating that comes from eating the beans!

As a Drain Opener

Have a partially clogged drain? Pour in 1/2 a cup of baking powder followed by 1/2 a cup of vinegar and let bubble. Wait a few minutes and follow up with some hot water and the clog should be gone!

Homemade Playdough

Baking powder can be used as an ingredient in homemade playdough recipes. It helps the playdough to rise and become soft and pliable.

Fruits and Vegetables Wash

Baking powder can be used to help remove pesticides and other chemicals from fruits and vegetables. Soak them in water with a teaspoon of baking powder for 10-15 minutes before rinsing them off.

So there you have it, 10 uses for baking powder that you may not have thought of before!

SOURCE: REAL ADVICE GAL.COM

Colorado State Mammal: Big Horn Sheep

The bighorn sheep’s compact body is muscular, with chocolate brown fur trimmed in white on the muzzle, rump, and belly. Most weigh 160 to 250 pounds, but males may weigh more than 350 pounds and stand around 40 inches at the shoulder. Their wide-set eyes are situated well forward on the head, providing a wide arc of exceptional vision. The bighorn sheep’s keen eyesight, hearing, and sense of smell help it detect and avoid predators.

The bighorn sheep is one of two species of wild sheep in North America with large horns, the other being the Dall sheep (Ovis dalli). The latest science shows that “bighorn sheep” is one species, with three living subspecies: the Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis), the Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae)—formerly called the California bighorn sheep, and the desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni).

Large, curved horns—borne by the males, or rams—can weigh up to 30 pounds, as much as the rest of the bones in the male’s body. Older rams have massive horns that can grow over three feet long with a more than one-foot circumference at the base. Females, or ewes, also have horns, but they are short with only a slight curvature. Both rams and ewes use their horns as tools for eating and fighting.

Although not as agile as mountain goats, bighorn sheep are well-equipped for climbing the steep terrain that keeps their predators at bay. The outer hooves are modified toenails shaped to snag any slight protrusion, while a soft inner pad provides a grip that conforms to each variable surface.

Diet

In warmer months, bighorn sheep browses on grasses, clover, and sedges. It transitions to eating woody plants like willow and sage in colder months. In desert areas, bighorn sheep often eat plants such as holly and cacti.

As ruminants, grass-eating bighorn sheep have a complex four-part stomach that enables them to eat large portions rapidly before retreating to cliffs or ledges where they can thoroughly rechew and digest their food, safe from predators. Then bacteria takes over, breaking down plant fibers for digestion. The sheep also absorb moisture during this digestive process, enabling them to go for long periods without water.

Behavior

Mature males spend most of their year in bachelor flocks apart from groups of females and young sheep. Young females generally remain in their mother’s group (led by an older ewe) for life. All ewes are subordinate to even young rams with bigger horns.

Males depart their mother’s group around two to four years of age and join a group of rams. This is sometimes a tough time of wandering until the young rams find a male group, and they will sometimes take up with other species out of loneliness.

Life History

It is during the mating season or “rut” that the rams join the female groups and engage in fierce competition to establish access rights to ewes. Their dominance hierarchy is based on age and size (including horn size), which usually prevents rams younger than seven years old from mating. Younger males will mate sooner if dominant rams in their group are killed.

Mating competition involves two rams running toward one another at speeds around 40 miles an hour and clashing their curled horns, which produces a sound that can be heard a mile away. Most of the characteristic horn-clashing between rams occurs during the pre-rut period, although this behavior may occur to a limited extent throughout the year.

Longevity depends on population status. In declining or stable populations, most sheep live more than 10 years. Even in areas where no hunting occurs, females rarely make it past 15 and males rarely live beyond 12. Juvenile mortality is variable and can be quite high, ranging from 5 percent to 30 percent. Sheep between two and six years old have low mortality.

Fun Fact

Bighorn sheep groups protect themselves from predators by facing different directions, allowing them to keep watch on their surroundings.

Newport Tower, Rhode Island

I found an interesting article about the origins of a mysterious tower in Rhode Island. 

From AncientPages.com Ellen Lloyd:

There is an intriguing stone structure in Newport, Rhode Island that has been a subject of great controversy and debate. Standing in the heart of the city there is a 28-foot tower that is just as impressive as mysterious. No-one knows who built the tower or when it was constructed. Several theories have been put forward. Some have suggested the tower was built by the Vikings. Others maintain it’s a legacy of the Knights Templar.

The tower has also been said to be the work of Freemasons. Native Americans, Chinese explorers and Celts have also been credited with the construction of the tower.Despite all guesses and speculations, many still think the tower’s existence is a real scientific enigma.

According to the mainstream theory, the Newport Tower was built in the mid-17th century. It was originally a windmill. In 1948, the Society for American Archaeology investigated the tower and scientists concluded that all artifacts discovered at the site were from the 17th century.

Newport Tower And Its Astronomical Alignments with Planet Venus

In 20018, forensic geologist Scott Wolter established that the Newport Tower’s construction was completed long before Christopher Columbus reached the New World. This conclusion was controversial and many scientists are still upset by Wolter’s theory. When Wolter investigated the structure, he discovered that Venus alignments are captured in the tower, providing evidence consistent with medieval Cistercian/Templar construction practices that reflect, in part, their religious ideology.

“The capturing of astronomical alignments of the Sun, Moon, and Venus in Western European standing stone sites and churches allowed the builders to use these structures as clocks and calendars, and for determining longitude (using solar and lunar eclipses) and latitude, “Frank Joseph wrote in his book The Lost Worlds of Ancient America: Compelling Evidence of Ancient Immigrants, Lost Technologies, and Places of Power.

Did Vikings or Ancient Chinese Build Newport Tower?

Historian Gavin Menzies argues that in 1421, Chinese sailors built the tower as either a lighthouse or an observatory. According to Menzies, at Newport, the expe­dition commanded by Admiral Zhou Wen was forced to stop. There they stayed long enough to regroup their fleet and to build a lighthouse. This structure, in his view, resembles a Song Dynasty lighthouse design from the Fijian province in southern China. His theory has not gained many followers and has been rejected by most scientists.

Was Newport Tower built by the Vikings or Knights Templar?

In 1837, Danish archaeologist Carl Christian Rafn published a book named Antiquitates Americanæ in which a Viking origin for the tower. Rafn partly based on his research of the inscriptions on the Dighton Rock near the mouth of the Taunton River. Rafn became convinced it was a Norse structure built by medieval Vikings who regularly crossed the North Atlantic in open boats.

Does The Newport Tower Have Masonic Roots?

Danish researcher, Jorgen Siemonsen suggests the Newport tower is the work of Freemasons.  According to Siemonsen circumstantial evidence points toward the fledgling Freemason movement in Rhode Island and a well-connected, English-trained architect who found work among the rich and famous of Colonial Newport.

That architect, Peter Harrison, laid out an octagon summer house in the mid-1700s for Abraham Redwood, a wealthy Newport merchant, Siemonsen said. That geometric form, closely associated with the Freemasons, is mimicked in the eight pillars of the tower, a little more than a block away, that Siemonsen speculated Harrison also designed.

The tower grounds, according to the Dane, could have been a “Masonic garden’’ where the fraternity conducted its rituals.

As you can see there are many theories and they all offer a very different historical account of the construction of the mysterious Newport tower.

Many questions remain unanswered and we still don’t know for what purpose the tower was constructed. Was it a windmill, an observatory or a temple?

SOURCE: AncientPages.com  Ellen Lloyd

DIY: Stress Balls

From the SPRUCECRAFTS.COM website:

A stress ball is a fun and malleable toy that’s a great tool for portable stress relief. Both adults and children can squeeze the toy in their hands, moving their fingers around to relieve muscle tension, stress, and to exercise the hand. Beyond being a toy, stress balls may help make you feel relaxed and lower your blood pressure. Toss one in your bag before you start a busy day or keep one at your desk for convenient stress relief.

Make your own DIY-crafted stress ball at home. Creating your own stress ball can be a creative way to release pressure and have fun making a squishy and playful item. You can even customize your own by choosing your favorite color (or a calming one, such as blue) and adding stickers or colored patterns.

Equipment / Tools

Funnel

Scissors

Permanent marker (optional)

Materials

Small, round balloon

1 cup Cornstarch

Instructions

Blow up the Balloon

Blow up the balloon until it is about 4 to 5 inches in diameter. Do not tie it, but keep the balloon inflated as best you can.

Pinch It Closed

Pinch the top of the balloon shut, about 1 to 2 inches from the opening, leaving room for the funnel to be inserted into the neck of the balloon. If you don’t have an assistant to help, use a clip to pinch the balloon.

Insert the Funnel

Place a funnel inside the opening of the balloon while still pinching the balloon closed. You may need help securing the funnel inside the balloon. Don’t worry if your balloon deflates a little, as this tends to happen during this step.

Fill Your Balloon With Cornstarch

Fill the top of the funnel with cornstarch using your free hand (or enlist a helper). It works best to add a small amount of cornstarch at a time.

Slowly Release Pinched Fingers

Carefully begin replacing the air with cornstarch by slowly letting go of where you’re pinching the balloon so the cornstarch can slide into it. If you go too quickly, the air leaving the balloon will blow the cornstarch into the air and make a mess.

Continue adding cornstarch to the funnel until the balloon is filled to a depth of about 3 inches. Continue adding small amounts of cornstarch to your funnel, moving slowly, and swirl the cornstarch around with your finger to help work it into the base of the funnel and into the balloon.

Squeeze out the Excess Air

Pull up tightly on the opening of the balloon and pinch out any extra air. In order to have an effective stress ball that won’t pop, it’s important to eliminate any extra air that’s inside your balloon. All of your stress ball’s contents should be cornstarch.

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Tie the Balloon Closed

Tie the balloon closed as near to the cornstarch as you can. Use scissors to cut off any excess balloon, making sure not to cut too close to the knot on the balloon.

Decorate the Stress Ball

Decorate the stress ball with stickers or permanent markers as desired. Choose your favorite colors to make your new toy your own and add fun patterns to show off your artistic skills. Now you’re ready for stress relief on-the-go with your very own DIY stress ball!

SOURCE: The SPRUCECRAFTS.COM

California State Flower: Poppy

The California poppy (Eschscholzia Californica) was designated the state flower of California in 1903. Also known as the flame flower, la amapola, and copa de oro (cup of gold), the California poppy grows wild throughout the state. Native Americans in California valued the poppy as a food source and for the oil extracted from the plant. Every year, April 6 is California Poppy Day and May 13th – 18th is Poppy Week.

Seeds of this plant were introduced into English gardens in the nineteenth century. Seed catalogs now offer many different colors. California poppies have been planted in most of the United States and have become established along roadsides, in empty lots, and other disturbed places. In California, it is hard to tell anymore which poppies are native wildflowers and which are garden escapes.

California poppies are easy to grow. Sow the seeds shallowly (1/16-inch deep) in fall or early spring in mild, wet winter climates, including most of California west of the Sierra-Nevada. Seeds will germinate after the first fall rains or when the soil warms in the spring. In hot summer areas, the poppies will bloom in spring and early summer, and then the tops will die back and the plants become dormant during the heat of the summer. The poppy survives in the form of a fleshy taproot. In cooler coastal climates, California poppies may bloom most of the summer. Sandy, well-drained soil in full sun is best. No supplemental watering is required unless the growing season is exceptionally dry.

In mild-winter climates, these poppies will survive several years, resprouting each fall. They will reseed themselves if they are happy. Where winters are cold, the poppy behaves as an annual, renewing itself from seed each year. The flowers of California poppy close each night, and on cloudy days. Enjoy them where they grow. If you pick California poppies for a wildflower bouquet, you will be disappointed when the petals almost immediately fall off.

SOURCE: US FOREST SERVICE

Pennsylvania: Humble Beginnings

From PENNLIVE:

History

The first English charter to colonize land in the New World that is today known as Pennsylvania was set forth by King Charles II as a way to repay William Penn, a member of upper-class nobility, whose father had lent the king money before his death. Penn was a supporter of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, a controversial religion at the time that rejected rituals and oaths and opposed war. Penn wanted to create a haven for his persecuted friends in the New World and asked the King to grant him land in the territory between the province of Maryland and the province of New York.

On March 4, 1681, King Charles signed the Charter of Pennsylvania, and it was officially proclaimed on April 2. The king named the colony after Penn’s father, Admiral Sir Penn. In October 1682, Penn sent a proprietor to Pennsylvania who visited the capital city Philadelphia, created the three original counties and summoned a General Assembly to Chester on December 4.

From those humble beginnings, Pennsylvania has made quite a name for itself.  Consider…

We have a famous groundhog…

There’s a town named after a candy bar (Hershey)…

There’s a town that’s perpetually on fire (Centralia)…

A famous painting horse lived here (Metro Meteor)…

We had a museum for famous people’s hair (at Drexel University)…

And let’s not forget those memorable Pennsylvania town names:

Asylum

Blue Ball

Burnt Cabins

California

Climax

Coon Hunter

Crackersport

Egypt

Free Love Valley

Glen Campbell

Honey Pot

Indiana

Intercourse

Jersey Shore

Jim Thorpe

Jugtown

Lover

Mars

Milwaukee

Moon

Moscow

Nazareth

Nebraska:

Newfoundland

Normalville

Norwegian

Pancake

Panic

Prosperity

Rome

Rough and Ready

St. Petersburg

Two Lick Valley

Virginville

Versailles

Yellow House

What Shall We Bake Today?

Today’s choice is Blueberry Muffins!  What I like about this recipe is it gives you alternatives to use instead of buttermilk which I seldom have on hand. When I make these I usually add a streusel topping, but that’s not necessary.

Blueberry Muffins

Ingredients

2-1/2 cups all-purpose flour

1 cup sugar

2-1/2 teaspoons baking powder

1/4 teaspoon salt

2 large eggs, lightly beaten

1 cup buttermilk

1/4 cup butter, melted

1-1/2 cups fresh blueberries

Directions

Preheat oven to 400°. In a large bowl, combine the flour, sugar, baking powder and salt. In a small bowl, combine the eggs, buttermilk and butter; stir into dry ingredients just until moistened. Fold in blueberries.

Fill greased or paper-lined muffin cups three-fourths full. Bake until a toothpick inserted in the muffin comes out clean, 20-24 minutes. Remove to a wire rack to cool.

buttermilk:

To substitute for each cup of buttermilk, use 1 Tbsp. white vinegar or lemon juice plus enough milk to measure 1 cup. Stir, then let stand 5 min. Or, use 1 cup plain yogurt or 1-3/4 teaspoon cream of tartar plus 1 cup milk.