THE MAINE SHIP CAPTAIN WHO INVENTED THE MODERN DONUT

Entertainment, Food, History, Military 3 Minutes

In 1847, a Maine ship captain invented the donut as we know it today – with a hole. On the day Lewis Hine took the photo of a waitress next to a plate of donuts (with holes), Capt. Hansen Gregory lived in the next town. He was telling his cronies how he’d gotten the great inspiration to cut a hole in a donut.

(Lewis Wickes Hine, by the way, took many photos of very young workers, which then influenced the passage of child labor laws. His caption read, “Exchange Luncheon. Delia Kane, 14 years old. 99 C Street, South Boston. A young waitress.” )

Captain Gregory, 85, lived at the Sailor’s Snug Harbor in Quincy, Mass. His fame as the inventor of the modern donut had spread, and theWashington Post interviewed him in a story published March 26, 1916

Sailor’s Snug Harbor

He told the reporter he discovered the donut hole when he worked as a 16-year-old crewman on a lime-trading schooner. “Now in them days we used to cut the doughnuts into diamond shapes, and also into long strips, bent in half, and then twisted,” he said.

“I don’t think we called them donuts then–they was just ‘fried cakes’ and ‘twisters.’ Well, sir, they used to fry all right around the edges, but when you had the edges done the insides was all raw dough. And the twisters used to sop up all the grease just where they bent, and they were tough on the digestion.”

Captain Hansen Gregory

First Donut

He asked himself if a space inside the dough would solve the difficulty – and then came the great inspiration. “I took the cover off the ship’s tin pepper box, and—I cut into the middle of that donut the first hole ever seen by mortal eyes!”

Gregory, born in 1832, would have had his insight around 1858. According to the New York Times, he rose to second mate at 19, mate at 21 and master mariner at 25. He sailed in all kinds of vessels from the lime coaster to a full-rigged ship. He modestly assessed the result. “Well, sir, them doughnuts was the finest I ever tasted. No more indigestion — no more greasy sinkers — but just well-done, fried-through doughnuts.”

But the donut made him famous. He had asked a tinsmith to fabricate a donut cutter for him, and soon, reported the Times, ‘cooks everywhere had adopted it.’ He returned to Camden, Maine, where he taught his mother the trick. She sent several plates to Rockland, Maine, where people gobbled them up. After that, the donut never looked back.

Primitive Soldered Doughnut Cutter
Antique Doughnut Cutter

A plaque in the town of Rockport, Maine, marks Captain Gregory’s birthplace, now the parsonage of the Nativity Lutheran Church. The National Baking Association nominated him for the Baking Hall of Fame, but it doesn’t appear he made the cut.

(A plaque at Nativity Lutheran Church pays homage to an iconic food. Google Maps)

More Donut History

The truth is that there were mentions of doughnuts in recipe books and even in Washington Irving’s Knickerbocker’s History of New York in 1809. But Gregory’s mother’s doughnuts became famed in her neighbour hood in Maine, particularly using the cinnamon and lemons that would have been brought in on her son’s trading ships.

There were numerous legends that sprang up about how the captain invented the doughnut, including one that he skewered his mother’s cakes on his ship’s wheel. Which is why he came forward in 1916 to give his account. By then the Maine version of the doughnut was popular across America. During World War I, the Salvation Army cooked them to raise money for the war effort and also set up canteens in town away from the front lines serving coffee and doughnuts to soldiers. The women who operated these cafes were known as “Doughnut Dollies.”

A cover of the Salvation Army publication “War Cry” from 1918 showing a “Doughnut Dolly”

Captain Gregory died in 1921 but by then Adolph Levitt, a Russian refugee in the US, had invented the automatic doughnut-making machine. This led to the creation of doughnut chain stores, which spread across the US and by the 1930s had begun to appear in Australia. Australians now eat more than 100 million doughnuts a year.

Springfield, IL

The Food History Timeline posts donut recipes before 1858, and they all advise cutting the doughouts into diamonds, squares or twists. Then in 1877 a doughnut recipe calls for cutting them into rings. The Food History Timeline also notes that after the Civil War, ‘inexpensive tin doughnut cutters with holes were manufactured commercially and sold widely.’

1950’s Aluminum Doughnut Maker

You can visit Capt. Hanson Gregory’s grave at the National Sailors’ Home Cemetery in Quincy MA.

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Published by NebraskaFilly

Army veteran (1976-1979), retired with entirely too much time on my hands

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189 thoughts on “THE MAINE SHIP CAPTAIN WHO INVENTED THE MODERN DONUT”

      1. Hey Miss Pat!
        Yesterday, I made a quick run home to pick up the mail, check on the house, go to the library, Walmart, etc.

        Sally Q and her Dad, FQ, are really trying my patience. I’m trying to ‘count it all joy’ and focus on the Lord – plus have stocked up on mystery books and chocolate…they say chocolate has emotional soothing powers….the mystery books (my current author, JA Jance) are glimpses of real life, justice, rescue, heroes that were/are lacking in my life. The Bible, the Lord, Mystery books and chocolate…my drugs of choice.

        Everything I try to do to help – one or the other of my Q people grumps at me or refuses to use or do. Sally Q pitched a fit when I intervened and mediated in her caregiver arrangements. She and her Dad both didn’t even want to try any of the mature retired ladies who applied for the evening caregiver duties. Finding young people who want to work evenings and weekends is futile – and most of them will be no-shows – without any sense of duty/responsibility to a disabled person – having no compunctions about leaving them helpless and unable to look out for themselves.

        I have to go home on Sat. night and get ready to have surgery for skin cancer. That will give me a week’s rest from my Q people….and give them a week’s rest from me. ;8->

        Liked by 1 person

        1. oh dear! you certainly are in between a rock and a hard place! I have switched to eating dark chocolate–and I found a recipe for TURTLE FUDGE! i can’t wait to try that!!
          I hope the surgery goes smoothly and you’re okay!!!

          Liked by 1 person

          1. I’ve tried a lot of dark chocolate, luxury chocolates, even had a friend with a chocolate shop who made awesome toffee….but my favorite chocolate is Hershey’s Milk Chocolate with almonds and/or toffee….the nuggets, kisses, bars…. next is Almond Roca or Heath Bars.

            Those Almond Roca cookies (I gave you the recipe) are amazing.

            Liked by 1 person

            1. I haven’t tried the cookies yet, but i will!
              those pecan cookies are a new favorite!
              ohhhh heath bars!!! yum!
              I tried making toffee (one of my all time favorites!) and nearly ruined my stove…LOL…never again. but it’s get harder and harder to find any

              Like

          2. BTW – Re: skin care hint – I use a few drops corn oil to sooth my hands when they get burned/dry/irritated from soap and chores. It’s great for my cuticles too! They just recede and disappear. First time I tried it, my old ugly cuticles looked great – didn’t even look like my hands. Tried olive oil and other oils, even Vit E oil – but corn oil suits my skin best. Mazola Corn oil was used as a hair conditioner way back when I was a teen by some guru of hints and cures. My hair and skin have always been oily enough – except when I permed or frosted my hair and I used it a few times then and it worked pretty well.

            Liked by 1 person

        2. I can’t help with the chocolate since I’m not a huge fan. Good luck with the surgery! You know what I say when Sally Q pitches a fit – walk out the door! But that’s just me….😉😉😉

          Liked by 2 people

  2. Morning Everyone!
    great open Filly!
    I have both the antique donut cutter and the donut plopper (that’s what I called it) from my mom.
    My mom made the best donuts! we would put them in a plastic bag with powdered sugar and shake them up! YUM

    Liked by 1 person

      1. Morning!
        loved this open!
        i made donuts once for my kids–fussy fusspots–wanted me to frost them instead of using the powdered sugar.
        hubby said–great! more for us…LOL

        Liked by 2 people

  7. Liked by 1 person

  8. Like

  12. Liked by 1 person

  18. Citizen 817
    Citizen 817
    January 13, 2023 12:26 am

    @realDonaldTrump

    15h
    Page 1. The Special “Prosecutor” assigned to the “get Trump case,” Jack Smith(?), is a Trump Hating THUG whose wife is a serial and open Trump Hater, whose friends & other family members are even worse, and as a prosecutor in Europe, according to Ric Grenell, put a high government official in prison because he was a Trump positive person. Smith is known as “an unfair Savage,” & is best friends with the craziest Trump haters, including Lisa Monaco who runs “Injustice.” The Boxes Scam is a HOAX…

    Page 2. For seven years, from the day I came down the escalator in Trump Tower, the Democrat Party has WEAPONIZED the “Legal” System, using City, State, and Federal Law Enforcement against me and the Republican Party as though they were a Private Protection Agency. The greatest Witch Hunt in American History must end now. I beat the Fake Impeachments, the disgraceful Mueller Persecution, and much else that the Fake News doesn’t want to write or talk about, but this charade MUST STOP NOW!!!

    Page 3. Fire a man who may very well turn out to be a criminal, Jack Smith. His conflicts, unfairness, and mental state of derangement make him totally unfit for the job of “getting Trump.” Go after Biden and the Biden Crime Family instead. Like Bill Barr, the U.S. Attorneys in Delaware and Illinois are weak, ineffective, and afraid to do what must be done. The Election was RIGGED, and we are now losing our Country. We can’t let that happen. MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Citizen 817
      January 13, 2023 12:27 am

      Donald J Trump Retruthed:

      Rep. Jim Jordan: “If we’d focus on getting rid of all the ‘woke’ in our military, we’d have the money we need to make sure our troops get the pay raise they deserve, we’d have the weapons systems and training that needs to be done so that we’re ready to deal with our adversaries around the planet.”

      Liked by 1 person

      1. Citizen 817
        Citizen 817
        January 13, 2023 12:28 am

        @realDonaldTrump

        6h
        But I made this incredible event happen, and was there to celebrate with the great people of South Dakota, and America. Ridiculous that it is no longer allowed. So great for USA spirit. As President, it will SOON happen again. I Love Mount Rushmore!

        @KristiNoem
        7h
        The best way to celebrate America’s Birthday is with fireworks at Mount Rushmore.

        Today, the Biden Administration rejected them. Again.

        Liked by 1 person

  21. Feisty Hayseed
    January 13, 2023 2:23 am

    Alabama county commissioner charged with ‘stuffing’ voting machines in Democratic primary

    On Wednesday, The Daily Beast reported that Albert Turner Jr., the chair of the commission of Perry County, Alabama, has been indicted in an election fraud scheme.

    Turner, who is also the son of civil rights activist Albert Turner Sr., was “allegedly caught stuffing ballots into a voting machine during the May Democratic primary election, and later mailing an undisclosed number of absentee ballots during the November general election,” reported Ellie Quinlan Houghtaling. Officials have not explained who the illegal ballots were for.

    “He was there most of the day stuffing filled out ballots in favor of the candidates he was supporting,’’ District Attorney Michael Jackson said in a statement. “Witnesses came forward, and we felt we had enough to present to a Perry County grand jury.”

    https://www.rawstory.com/alabama-voter-fraud/

    Liked by 1 person

  22. Gina.IsHere
    Gina.IsHere
    January 13, 2023 4:58 am

    Merrick Garland just appointed FBI Director Christopher Wray’s former assistant. They’re all in on it,” – Rep. Troy Nehls (R-Texas)

    Liked by 1 person

  23. Citizen 817
    January 13, 2023 5:51 am

    Focus Moves to Office Joe Biden Shared With Chinese as Search for Classified Docs Intensifies

    Joe and Hunter Biden were “office mates” with executives from CEFC China Energy in 2017, according to emails from Hunter’s abandoned laptop. In an email to the general manager for the K Street office building, Hunter Biden said the office would be shared by his consulting firm Hudson West, CEFC China Energy, and the Biden Foundation, his family charity.

    https://freebeacon.com/biden-administration/office-mates-joe-and-hunter-biden-shared-office-with-chinese-energy-firm-linked-to-chinese-intelligence/

    Liked by 1 person

    1. my theory? (or at least one of my theories…lol)
      the difference is WHO is the national archivist right now vs then. I said this before…the national archivist was PURSUING documents from President Trump–so he had to know they existed and he wanted them. it wasn’t a fishing expedition at that point.
      Ultra Maggot’s documents were hidden for how many years…how did they NOT know he had them? Did they assume obummer had them –waiting, waiting, waiting for them to put on line as obummer promised?
      when they saw the documents President Trump was holding, and the dates, the archivist, among others, KNEW they were missing from the obummer years…and that set the ball in motion. where were the documents from obummer’s term and who had them?

      Liked by 1 person

        1. boy the questions being asked about this are good ones–not that we’ll ever get answers. but gees, where did ultra maggot keep the documents for a year before the penn cneter was built?
          we’ll never get real answers anyway.

          Liked by 2 people

  27. Fulton County counterfeit ballot case has been reinstated by GA SCOTUS…

    WE’RE BACK!!!

    January 12, 2023, Press Conference
    PRESERVE THE BALLOTS!https://t.co/BgekTAbOnz#voterga#auditganow#gapol pic.twitter.com/PJrnGS8bYL

    — Garland Favorito (@VoterGa) January 12, 2023

    The VoterGA Fulton County counterfeit ballot case “is back,” according to Garland Favorito. Favorito told UncoverDC in November that an order from the Georgia Supreme court in the Sons of Confederate Veterans et al. v. Henry Cty. Bd of Commissioners would no doubt help his case. The Supreme Court confirmed what Garland already knew—that “citizens in the state have standing to sue government officials who violate the law.” During what he dubbed the “Georgia Supreme Court Victory” press conference on Thursday, Favorito said this “was something he had been saying all along for a year even after our case was dismissed” on October 13, 2021. The counterfeit ballot case was dismissed because the “Petitioners failed to allege a particularized injury.” Garland says the decision was erroneous and violated “every precedent in the state in Georgia history since 1788 and all precedents in U.S. Supreme Court history dating back 100 years.”

    https://www.uncoverdc.com/2023/01/12/voterga-vindicated-fulton-county-counterfeit-ballot-case-reinstated/

    Liked by 1 person

  32. yup! I agree!!! and do not punish only the current archivist–but punish the former who thought he could resign after creating the TRUMP mess and slink away unscathed. it was 6 yrs under his watch that those classified were gone!
    FTA
    The second is the functioning of the National Archives and Records Administration.

    Ideally, the Archives and Records Administration should have information security standards that track every classified document both in physical and digital form. When a document goes missing, its recovery should be its prime goal. Yet in Biden’s case, the documents went missing for more than six years, but nobody seemed to notice. 

    This dereliction of duty on the part of the National Archives and Records Administration must be probed and the guilty must be punished.

    https://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2023/01/troubling_aspects_related_to_biden_mishandling_of_classified_documents_that_must_be_probed.html

    Liked by 1 person

  33. Oh, hell’s bells! I only now realized I was thinking of the wrong Presley woman – it was Priscilla’s daughter – I was thinking it was Priscilla who had died. The actual name just flew right over my head.

    Liked by 1 person

      1. I just got that this morning!!!! Sheesh, I could kick myself! Yes, she was an addict during several periods and she lost her son to suicide.

        “Inside Lisa Marie Presley’s ‘unrelenting grief’ over son Benjamin’s suicide before her own tragic death: How Elvis’s late daughter confessed to being ‘destroyed’ by tragedy, saying she ‘blames herself every single day’
        —————–
        Benjamin Keough was 27 at the time of his death. He died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound, the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner’s Office announced following the incident.

        Benjamin’s father is Lisa Marie’s first husband Danny Keough, whom she married in 1988 and divorced in 1994.
        —————–
        Following Benjamin’s death, his friend, the musician Brandon Howard, told People that he had lived with depression for years, while also feeling weighed down by expectations to succeed as much as his famous grandfather.

        ‘Sometimes he struggled with depression, which is a serious thing with [the coronavirus pandemic] and everything happening right now and everybody being locked in the house,’ Howard said at the time.

        ‘It’s a tough thing when you have a lot of pressure with your family and living up to a name and an image. It’s a lot of pressure. It’s almost like you’re pressured into having to be a musician, having to be an actor,’ he added.”

        https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-11629425/Inside-Lisa-Marie-Presleys-unrelenting-grief-son-Benjamins-suicide.html

        Liked by 1 person

  35. EXCERPT: “TGIF: Planes, Trains, and Gastric Bypass for Kids — Out for 2023: the IRS, gas stoves, pictures of Muhammad, National Merit Scholarship certificates, cardigans, and the British monarchy.”

    By Nellie Bowles
    January 13, 2023

    “Welcome back to TGIF. Four months ago I believed I gave birth to a perfect angel. In an unexpected twist, our daughter—whom I have extended meetings with at 1 A.M., 3 A.M., and 5 A.M.—appears to be an active member of ISIS, sent here to break us. So forgive me if I’m punchier than usual this week. Ok, here we go . . .

    → American infrastructure in collapse: It’s unfair to say American infrastructure is third world, which is an insult to Peru and Tunisia and all the good developing nations. But American infrastructure is a unique shame, since we are so rich as a nation, and the rails and pipes and air control systems that hold us together are so very poor. This week saw every flight in the country just randomly grounded thanks to software trouble. You know it’s not good when the cutesy FAA Twitter account is on “Update 6.”

    Meanwhile on Amtrak, one breakdown this week was so extreme, so inexplicable, that passengers began assuming they’d been taken hostage. An accident along a track between Virginia and Florida added 12 hours to one train’s journey. Staff needed to be switched out. At one point, panicked passengers started calling 911. You know it’s bad when you, as a train conductor, have to reassure your passengers they are not hostages in a terrorist plot: “Once again, for those of you calling the police, we are not holding you hostage. We are giving you all the information we have and apologize for the inconvenience.”

    I used to like Pete Buttigieg because he was my type of politician (a technocratic McKinsey shill with a sassy partner) but McKinsey would never put up with this.

    → Out of the grounded planes and into the fire: Never mind the trains and the planes. This week, the Biden administration was instead laser-focused on the most important issue of our era: banning new gas stoves. Now, I’m a health freak and lover of Big Brother public health interventions (a la Bloomberg’s Big Gulp Ban). I want raw spring water to flow from my faucet. I’ve never met a car seat I didn’t want to install just to be sure. But of all the interventions we need, this is such a minor and bizarre one.

    The administration is claiming gas stoves cause 12.7% of all pediatric asthma cases, citing a December 14 study. To be safe, I looked into the research myself (i.e.: I read Emily Oster’s post on the topic). She says it’s really not true. “Overall analysis, though, suggests that factor may be small relative to other factors—including other kinds of air pollution from (say) cars.” But beyond that, she writes, “we do not see the kind of smoking gun in any of these data that would suggest a really consistent link.”

    Within days, thanks to backlash, the administration dropped the idea. I turned the gas all the way up across my giant range this morning, breathing in American freedom.

    → The GOP keeps trying to abolish the IRS: This is, I guess, going to be a major Republican effort now. House Republicans are voting on a bill to abolish the IRS and eliminate the national personal and corporate income tax. The bill would also abolish the death, gift and payroll taxes. This is happening thanks to the growing power of the right-wing Freedom Caucus.

    Nothing will come of the effort. But no one likes the IRS, and I guess it feels good to say I voted to end those jerks, your boat is a deductible business expense in my heart. Like any good American, I would like lower taxes. But I also like roads and running water and our military.

    → Mishandling classified documents is apparently no big deal now: Biden staffers found classified documents including “intelligence memos” in the president’s Delaware garage and his pre-Oval Office office. The documents were “discovered” by the president’s team right before the midterms but announced only this week.

    Do you remember the apoplectic panic about the classified documents at Mar-A-Lago? No comparison says Texas Democratic Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee, who said: “There is no comparison. They were in a locked closet. They were not accessible.” Biden during a press conference emphasized that even the documents in his garage were well-guarded, since they were being kept by his car: “My Corvette is in a locked garage, OK? So it’s not like they’re sitting out on the street.”

    Merrick Garland has appointed a special counsel to look into this classified document situation. But why was Biden hiding these documents in the first place? And why announce their “discovery” now? Likely it’s related to the fact that Republicans are going to launch a series of investigations into, among other things, Biden family corruption. For a taste of what’s to come from Republicans here, I recommend watching this Tucker Carlson monologue. There are a lot of GOP-led Hunter Biden investigations coming. We’ll be following along. ”

    More: https://www.thefp.com/p/tgif-planes-trains-and-gastric-bypass

    Liked by 1 person

    1. i heard a story about secret service not really liking ultra maggot–swimming in the nude stuff–but now secret service protection isn’t as good as a garage door lock?
      no one’s gonna take a bullet for these folks

      Liked by 1 person

  37. LOL

    mspsgt
    January 13, 2023 8:15 am

    Hank Johnson, (yeah that same Hank Johnson of Guam fame), is pushing the conspiracy theory that all of those classified documents being discovered in and around the Biden properties and elsewhere were more than likely planted by Republicans to discredit Joe.

    Well, I am putting forth my own conspiracy theory. I think Hank Johnson planted those documents himself just so he could then come out and blame it on the Republicans.

    I think my theory is at the very least just as crazy as his is.

    /s/

    Liked by 1 person

    1. “Chung is a behind the scenes operative who previously worked for Democratic senators and is now deputy director of protocol for Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin.

      She turned up in the news on Hunter Biden’s infamous laptop, after she CC’d him at his Rosemont Seneca Partners firm on an email containing phone numbers for the Clintons, senators, and most of the Obama cabinet.”

      https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11629685/Biden-executive-assistant-helped-pack-VP-office-aides-interviewed.html

      Liked by 1 person

    2. I still have 4 episodes saved of Mysteries of the Unknown and 13 episodes saved (most of both unwatched yet) of Mysteries of the Abandoned. When I get bored, I watch one of those and inevitably, something will strike my fancy.

      Liked by 1 person

  43. really good theory imo

    Wolf Moon | Threat to Demonocracy
    Wolf Moon | Threat to Demonocracy(@wolfmoon1776)Online
    Wolf
    January 13, 2023 09:10

    OK – am I totally wrong to suspect that Biden and Hunter were trading documents for bribes, and that when this was discovered by somebody, the wicked DOJ and Obama faction hit Trump to “even things up” first?

    Pretty much the same way they “evened things up” w/ that phone call?

    — Wolf Moon – Dissident Scientist (@WOLFM00N) January 13, 2023

    Liked by 1 person

  45. Alex1689
    Alex1689
    January 13, 2023 9:11 am

    In case you are wondering, yes Lisa Marie Presley was jabbed, and yes she issued a statement about it in March 2022 claiming that if you got jabbed you would not die of Covid. In Australia, they must not have gotten that message very well, as 100 percent of the Covid deaths there are now jabbed.

    What her reasons were for doing so (just following orders, or was just part of the mass psychosis), we do not know. But we are now way past coincidence when it comes to influencer deaths from cardiac events. If you expand to cancer deaths and weird stuff like stiff person, that group is even larger.

    Liked by 1 person

  47. i didn’t know they could do this

    SunnyFlower5
    January 13, 2023 9:27 am

    BREAKING: Kevin McCarthy says he would consider expunging Trump’s impeachments“I would understand why members would want to bring that forward,” McCarthy said of those lawmakers who might like to expunge former President Trump’s impeachment votes, both of which were undertaken on false premises.
    —former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi convened a special committee to investigate the event, and was unable to provide any proof, even after two years, that Trump had been involved in staging or instigating a riot. 
    -Trump’s impeachment of 2019, which was based on a faked dossier that alleged Trump had colluded with Russia to influence, or steal the 2016 presidential election. The documents that were the basis of the charge were later found to have been fabricated by those affiliated with opponent Hillary Clinton’s campaign.
    -2/3 majority necessary to win the vote was not present in the Senate. He was aquitted on the 2019 charges in February 2020, and on the 2021 charges in February 2021.

    https://thepostmillennial.com/breaking-kevin-mccarthy-says-he-would-consider-expunging-trumps-impeachments

    Liked by 3 people

  48. this seems farfetched. why would no votes be needed to make the WHO a GOVERNING body in the US?

    SparrowHawk
    January 13, 2023 9:30 am

    While we all are looking at the newest ‘ shiny thing over there ‘ , THIS it what it’s all about :

    Secret WHO Negotiations For Pandemic Treaty Taking Place This Week

    Written by Corey’s Digs

    Change the overall nature of the World Health Organization from an advisory organization that merely makes recommendations to a governing body whose proclamations would be legally-binding

    The United States Senate would not be required to provide a two-thirds vote to give their “advice and consent.” No signatures by national leaders would be needed.”

    link

    Secret WHO Negotiations for Pandemic Treaty Taking Place This Week | Principia Scientific Intl.

    Liked by 1 person

        1. The Senate holds the “advice and consent” power.

          EXCERPT: “The Constitution gives to the Senate the sole power to approve, by a two-thirds vote, treaties negotiated by the executive branch. The Senate does not ratify treaties. Instead, the Senate takes up a resolution of ratification, by which the Senate formally gives its advice and consent, empowering the president to proceed with ratification. The Senate of the First Congress set the precedent for how it would handle treaty consideration. When President George Washington visited the Senate Chamber in August 1789 to seek advice and consent on a pending treaty, he became frustrated when the senators referred the treaty to committee for further discussion. Another 130 years would pass before another president of the United States personally delivered a treaty to the Senate. On July 10, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson asked for a quick consent to the Treaty of Versailles.”

          https://www.senate.gov/general/Features/Treaties_display.htm

          Liked by 1 person

          1. but that’s not what this is saying…it says the 2/3 vote by congress would NOT BE NEEDED with these “secret” negotiations and no signatures required

            Liked by 1 person

      1. Thank you, dear! Really, it’s mostly the camera altho I’m learning as I go and getting better. But it’s also the beautiful, clean air we have out here. I’m convinced that makes a difference.

        Liked by 1 person

          1. It makes perfect sense and that is exactly what I’m looking for when I take all these pics. I’m trying to convey how they make ME feel so that tells me I’m going the right direction.

            Liked by 1 person

              1. Well, we’ll see how it goes. At this point, I’m just playing around but it certainly is something I’ll keep in the back of my mind for, perhaps, a more serious pursuit down the road.

                Liked by 1 person

  50. “The engineer who brought America to its knees – the FAA flight grounding debacle that stranded tens of thousands for hours and paralyzed the nation was caused by ONE employee who replaced the wrong file”

    EXCERPT: “The grounding of all flights and Federal Aviation Administration systems failure that occurred Wednesday morning across the United States was caused by a mistake made by an engineer. An engineer ‘replaced one file with another,’ an official told ABC News, not realizing the mistake was being made and ultimately causing the system to show problems and fail.

    The culprit engineer has yet to be identified. Engineers and IT teams are working feverishly to prevent the system from crashing again today, as they also scramble to figure out if there are any similar systems that could fail as easily.”

    https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11628753/FAA-flight-grounding-debacle-stranded-tens-thousands-hours-caused-engineer.html

    Liked by 1 person

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