With needles 8 to 17 inches long, longleaf pine is the southern pine with the longest needles. The bright green, flexible needles grow in clusters of three at the end of the branches, giving the tree an almost weeping appearance. The spiny, grayish-brown cones are equally large (5 to 12 inches long) and attractive. Both the needles and the cones are used in crafts. The reddish-brown bark has paper-like scales.

Due to their size, longleaf pine is not commonly grown in residential landscapes but it makes an attractive specimen if you have the space. The tree grows slowly and for the first five to seven years, it looks more like a clump of grass than a tree. Various mammals and birds use this native evergreen for food and shelter.

The best time to plant container-grown seedlings is between November and February when there is no frost and the temperature is below 75 degrees F.

Longleaf Pine Care

Here are the main care requirements for growing a longleaf pine:

Plant it in a location with full sun and deep, well-drained, loamy soil.

Water the tree regularly during the first couple of years until it is fully established.

Do not fertilize the tree but keep the areas around it clear so the tree does not have to compete with other plants for water and nutrients.

Pruning off the lower limbs of mature trees is optional.

Light

Longleaf pine is a tree that needs to be planted in full sun to thrive.

Soil

Because of its long taproot, longleaf pine needs deep soil. Sandy loam with good drainage and a pH between 5.0 and 5.5 is ideal.

Water

Young trees need regular watering until they are established. Make sure to keep the area weed-free to avoid competition for water and nutrients. Mature longleaf pine trees are fairly drought-resistant but benefit from occasional watering in periods of dry weather.

Temperature and Humidity

Longleaf pine is not winter-hardy below USDA Zone 7. It does well in any climate that is similar to its native habitat with hot, humid summers and mild winters. 

Fertilizer

The tree does not require fertilizer and does better without. Instead, scatter a layer of compost around the tree every spring and make sure to keep it free from weeds to avoid competition for nutrients.

Types of Longleaf Pine

No cultivars, varieties, or subspecies of longleaf pine are available. However, longleaf pine tree does sometimes produce natural hybrids with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii).

Pruning

Some homeowners do not like the look of the lower limbs on the trunk of a longleaf pine and prefer to prune them off. If you choose to do this, make your pruning cuts flush with the trunk. You can prune in summer, fall, or winter; avoid pruning in spring, because this is when the sap is flowing. It’s best to remove, at most, a few branches each year, so that you don’t slow down the growth of the plant excessively.

SOURCE: THESPRUCE.COM