DIY: Emergency Baking Substitutions

DIY 1 Minute

How many times have you started to gather ingredients to bake something only to realize you’re missing one crucial ingredient?  I’ve found several lists detailing substitutes in an emergency:

Hope these help!

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Published by pat frederick

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125 thoughts on “DIY: Emergency Baking Substitutions”

      1. Thanks, Miss Pat – will copy and keep – might certainly come in handy as things heat up chez moi – with Sally Q issues.

        A correction to pecan cookie recipe below!

        Liked by 1 person

        1. Morning GA!
          I went looking for these because i thought i ran out of vinegar. During the summer hubby used what was left, but i was sure i had replenished it. anyway, i found these and was going to use a substitute when i needed something else from the pantry closet and lo and behold, I found the new bottle of vinegar.

          Liked by 1 person

          1. My pantry and whole house is a mess – going back and forth to Sally’s – plus the hospital stay has made it happen – and turning 80 is not for sissies – it’s a wonder I can find anything at all!

            Liked by 1 person

            1. I’m not 80 and I can’t find stuff…lol.
              when the kids come for Thanksgiving, I end up putting things in drawers and closets to give them room for their laptops, phones, and other gadgets. then when they leave i wonder, where did i put THAT???
              next year? I’m making a map! LOL

              Liked by 1 person

    1. our daughter and her family breed/raise goats–mostly for 4H members to raise for shows, but the Greeks and Muslims buy them for eating purposes.

      my granddaughter keeps all the records for every goat–feeds them, helps give them vaccinations, and always falls in love with a bunch of them.

      I am not a fan…lol

      Liked by 1 person

  9. Morning All!

    the house smells so good with the tree in it!!

    hubby did a amazing job decorating it…looks beautiful!

    snow outside–hopefully it gets warmer and it melts because there’s ice under it.

    Liked by 1 person

      1. Morning Filly!
        we are currently at 30* so no melting going on. there is a layer of snow over a layer of ice and i have my fingers crossed that it will melt. You were right. the chickadees have figured out the seeds and are visiting frequently. in fact, i get serenaded in the morning to bring the feeder out. lol

        Liked by 1 person

        1. LOL – it doesn’t take them long! Hope the ice melts! The mail-lady just delivered a box from my Mom w/a pair of slipper socks and 3 small loaves of banana-nut bread – I set the butter out to soften. I mixed up some epsom salts and sugar (as found on-line) to use as a de-icer on my front porch – don’t want anyone to slip & fall, then sue me!!! She walked across the grass to my front porch and I met her there so she didn’t have to step up onto the cement.

          Liked by 1 person

            1. I knew I had the package coming from Amazon and looked for something to do that used items I already have on hand. One of them was the epsom salts – the sugar helps it heat up quicker, supposedly. It did work eventually.

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  11. CORRECTION – addition – 1 tsp vanilla! It was over to the side on the recipe card and I missed it!

    MAMA SMITH’S PECAN COOKIES 

    So good – the cream of tartar makes all the difference! 

    Beat together – I use a stand mixer:

    1-1/2 cups butter

    1 c. brown sugar

    1 c. white sugar

    2 eggs

    1 tsp vanilla

    Whisk together:

    4 c. flour

    1 tsp baking soda

    1 tsp cream of tartar

    1/2 tsp salt 

    Mix sugar/egg and flour mixtures together.

    Add 2 c. chopped pecans.

    Roll into logs, wrap with plastic wrap or waxed paper, refrigerate for a couple of hours or store in freezer until needed.

    Slice fairly thin – a little less than 1/4 inch thick

    Place on cookie sheet lightly greased or sprayed – or parchment paper lined cookie sheet

    Bake at 350 degrees until lightly browned.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. I passed this recipe on to a good friend of mine. she adored them!!!
      I slice one roll thinner and the other a little thicker–either way, they taste divine!!
      thanks so much for bringing this recipe!!!

      Liked by 1 person

      2. I think the cream of tartar makes the difference – my favorite cookies – store bought and homemade all have cream of tartar.

        A chef suggested it for a chocolate cake that you might like to try – recipe here:

        Best Chocolate Cake
        I’ve Ever Tasted IN MY LIFE
        Like NOTHING you’ve ever had.
        https://social.quodverum.com/@oystergirl/105683295250997585

        NOTES
        – Diabetic changes in [brackets]
        – Can make into cupcakes/muffins.

        DRY
        1/2 C all purpose flour [1/4 cup all purpose flour – 1/4 cup almond flour]
        3/4 C (150 gr) dk brown sugar – [2 Tbsp dk brown sugar, 1 Tbsp molasses, 2 Tbsp monk fruit sugar)
        1/4 C cocoa powder
        3/4 tsp baking powder or cream of tartar
        3/4 tsp baking soda
        1/2 tsp salt

        WET
        1 egg (whisk)
        1/4 C corn oil or light olive oil or mixed(drizzle and whisk in slowly)
        1/2 C whole milk, half and half, cream or buttermilk
        1 tsp vanilla extract

        Whisk wet/dry together, then whisk in 1/2 cup BOILING water – or coffee.

        OPTIONAL – Fold in chocolate chips and/or chopped nuts – pecans, almonds, walnuts.

        Pour into oiled/floured LOAF pan [or oiled/Pam muffin papers] and bake at 325°F for 45-50 mins. (or toothpick comes out clean).

        NOTE – If making cupcakes – use papers – grease papers with pam or oil before putting into muffin pans
        —
        NOTES:
        This is THE moistest cake you will ever eat, with great form and texture.

        It’s what a Hostess cupcake dreams of looking, feeling and tasting like when it grows up.

        If you don’t mind coffee it makes a VERY NICE difference. Still delicious without it, though.

        The original recipe called for light brown sugar. Go dark, trust me on this one.

        It was also originally an Air Fryer recipe (cover with foil for 35 mins then bake uncovered for 20 more).

        Chocolate glaze over the top makes it Hostess.
        —
        ADDENDUM:
        @StevenDouglas Two changes Steven and I am a chef. Olive oil is better by FAR than vegetable oil, and half and half or full fat raw milk will make this cake SING!!!! Also maybe use 2 tsp cream of tartar and eliminate the baking powder. It will rise link the sun!

        —————
        I do a little cheat with this recipe. I did it to shorten the baking time. It works well if anyone wants to try it.

        After the batter is ready for pouring I pour it into a non-stick skillet on LOW HEAT. I stir constantly with a silicone spatula and bring the batter ALMOST to a boil.

        IT THICKENS VERY FAST. WHEN THAT HAPPENS, STOP!

        I remove it from the heat immediately, stir to incorporate all fat lumps, pour into the baking pan, and bake.

        Watch it carefully, test often.
        —
        Link – https://social.quodverum.com/@StevenDouglas/105683133356460951

        oystergirl@oystergirl@social.quodverum.com
        @StevenDouglas Two changes Steven and I am a chef. Olive oil is better by FAR than vegetable oil, and half and half or full fat raw milk will make this cake SING!!!! Also maybe use 2 tsp cream of tartar and eliminate the baking powder. It will rise link the sun!

        Liked by 1 person

        1. my favorite chocolate cake recipe has hot coffee in it! I bake mine in 8 inch cake pans and they rise like the dickens! (that’s usually the only cake i bake in round pans. i like the convenience of a 13 x 9 for my carrot cake and others.

          Liked by 1 person

          1. You are a generous fun hostess in reality and online! I remember the virtual imaginary parties you planned for all of us at Marica’s!!!!

            Like

  12. wow…the best bullshitters work in our gov’t…
    FTA
    We already know that isn’t the case, though, and the area of government employee payroll isn’t exempt from the massive waste. To give one example, Senator Rand Paul (yes, son of our good friend Ron Paul) was recently interviewed by Laura Ingraham. In a portion of that interview, which Tyler Durden transcribed, Rand Paul said,

    One of my favorite examples of federal workers not showing up is from a few years ago. We had an assistant to the head of the EPA, and he told his boss that he also worked for the CIA. He said he would be gone for six months at a time. Finally, during a government shutdown, someone said, “Hey, Mr. Smith, we understand this guy works for you. We haven’t seen him in six months.” They replied, “Who?” They had never heard of the guy.

    The man completely made up a story about working for the CIA, and for nearly a decade, millions of dollars were paid to him while he didn’t show up. He’d be lounging around saying, “I’m on a secret mission to the Middle East, can’t talk.” That kind of stuff runs rampant throughout government.

    Government Waste Is So Much Worse Than You Ever Imagined

    Liked by 1 person

        1. Sally – no pain meds the last 4-5 days in hospital and none at home. Only pain is when she leans forward and when the lift presses into her lower sides. Her abdomen is swollen and tender, probably due to the tumors and fluid build up.

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  15. MISS PAT – Being thrifty and creative and loving good food – you might like two of my favorite cookbooks – and could possibly find them at abebooks.com

    POTLUCK COOKERY – by Beverly Pepper – I love the chapters – one was titled “Nothing in the House but…”

    50 WAYS TO COOK MOST EVERYTHING – by Andrew Schloss.

    I still refer to my 50-60 year old Better Homes and Gardens red and white check loose leaf cookbook – and a few other favorites – but Potluck Cookery taught me how to scramble (and I don’t mean eggs) and try new tactics when I needed to make a meal without running to the store.

    Liked by 1 person

  18. EXCERPT: “On a frigid February morning in 1963, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy set out to hike 50 miles from Great Falls, Virginia to Camp David. He walked along the C&O Canal for 17 hours and 50 minutes, trekking through slushy conditions in dress shoes.

    Kennedy reached his 50-mile goal in West Virginia, requiring a drive to Camp David. But he fulfilled an even larger mission than completing an arduous hike: He drew nationwide attention to efforts by his brother, President John F. Kennedy, to encourage physical fitness.

    President Kennedy, building on President Eisenhower’s initiative, rolled out a splashy media campaign encouraging Americans to get fit. During this project, Kennedy joked that his staff should be able to accomplish the same 50-mile hike required of the Marines. His brother took this as a challenge.

    Three years later, under the Johnson administration, the Presidential Fitness Test was born. For more than 50 years, thousands of public school students participated annually in sprints, pull-ups, curl-ups, and the sit-and-reach, among other challenges. Students who scored at the 85th percentile or higher in all of the tasks were awarded the Presidential Physical Fitness Award.

    The test was inherently competitive and public. Students in gym classes watched one other attempt each exercise and knew where they ranked among their peers. As progressivism took hold over education, anything that separated students by ability had to go. It is no surprise that a test that rewards excellence did not survive the era of participation trophies.

    In 2013, President Obama ended the Presidential Fitness Test, opting to replace it with the Cooper Institute’s FitnessGram. The FitnessGram uses similar athletic challenges as the test, but it takes competition out of the equation. The FitnessGram “should never be used to compare students to one another” or to determine their grades in a physical education class, its website warns.

    The new system also expects much less out of students. In 1985, a 16-year-old boy needed to complete 44 push-ups in one minute to attain the Presidential Physical Fitness Award. Today, a 16-year-old boy must complete only 17 push-ups to be rated in the FitnessGram’s Healthy Fitness Zone. Why would any teenager strive for that eighteenth push-up, when 17 is satisfactory? There is no incentive to demonstrate excellence.

    This missing piece of education extends into every classroom, not just the school gym. Students are rarely asked to push themselves physically or mentally. Academic standards have slid downward across decades, and so has achievement.

    Teacher unions, desperate to cover up the failures of public schools, have lobbied hard against any attempt to measure student achievement. They have campaigned especially hard to ensure students are no longer required to pass a test in order to graduate from high school. Their  efforts have largely succeeded: Out of 27 states that once used graduation tests, only 13 states required students to pass a test to earn a diploma last year, and Massachusetts just voted to end the practice….”

    https://thefederalist.com/2024/12/16/wokeness-killed-the-presidential-fitness-test-president-trump-should-bring-it-back/

    Liked by 1 person

          1. IDR any fitness tests when I was in school but, then, I’m older than you and I only did 2 years in Sr. High.

            Like

  19. T. Turtle

    T. Turtle

    December 16, 2024 9:34 am

    This is one reason why and how Democrats continue to win, especially in areas that voted overwhelmingly for President Trump.

    “New Evidence of Alleged ActBlue Foreign Money Laundering Operation Revealed”

    Excerpts:

    New Smurf EvidenceSen. Tammy Baldwin (D-WI) raised approximately $30.9 million in her 2018 campaign. Her 2024 campaign, however, trounced that number, nearly doubling it to $59.6 million. From July 25, 2024 to September 30, 2024, she raised $11 million with $9.4 million coming from individual ‘donors,’ according to WPR.

    By comparison, her opponent, Eric Hovde, raised just $29.3 million with $20 million of that being a personal loan he made to his campaign. In that same July to September timeframe, Hovde raised $2.8 million from individual donors.

    Using state and federal government data, Bernegger has publicly accused Baldwin of benefiting from the illegal smurfing operation. According to his data and investigation, Baldwin has received $27,850,750 via the smurfing operation since 2017, including 69,433 donations since 2017 from a single donor, “Sonia.” “Sonia” lives in an assisted living facility, but that didn’t stop her from allegedly donating 7.5 times per day, every single day, for 7.5 years.

    https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2024/12/new-evidence-alleged-actblue-foreign-money-laundering-operation/

    Liked by 1 person

      1. i remember at a yard sale– along time ago–a woman was selling puzzles in boxes–but the clever gal said the pieces “MIGHT” be mixed in all the boxes so she wanted to sell them as a SET…LOL

        Liked by 1 person

        1. My Mom is very big on puzzles – she turns them into pictures and has a local guy who builds the frames for her. I still have one of them hanging in my bedroom.

          Like

  22. “The outgoing DHS secretary finally addressed the issue with the press on Sunday, confirming that they could not physically shoot down the drones but that technology to assist in detecting them is on its way.

    He gave some clarification, however, as to why all of this seemed to be happening all of a sudden. ‘In September of 2023, the Federal Aviation Administration, the FAA, changed the rules so that drones could fly at night,’ Mayorkas said. 

    ‘And that may be one of the reasons why now people are seeing more drones than they did before, especially from dawn to dusk.’ The FAA already imposes restrictions on nighttime operations. Most drones are not allowed to fly at night unless they are equipped with anti-collision lights that are visible for at least 3 miles.”

    Liked by 1 person

  23. “The New York Post and other news websites have picked up on this asswipe. He’s the founder of a “socialist apparel” brand (whatever the fuck that is) who has called online for the death of corporate executives is planning to sell a deck of cards of “most wanted CEOs” – complete with names and faces and decorated with illustrations of gun range targets. Comrade Workwear founder James Harr announced the disturbing project just days after UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson was executed on the streets of Midtown Manhattan.

    He said it was inspired by the “most-wanted Iraqi” playing card decks famously distributed to US and coalition forces during the 2003 invasion of Iraq to help identify key targets in Saddam Hussein’s circle.

    In an interview, he rattled off numerous A-list CEOs — whom The Post has chosen not to name — to be included in the deck, asking his combined 109,000 followers between Instagram and TikTok to help come up with more.”

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Good morning, Filly. It’s almost afternoon, here, and sunny skies. Is the US of A indulging in depravity now? Is this the image NY wants to communicate to the world? Glare on my cell phone. Happy Holidays. What do we stand For?

      Liked by 2 people

  25. I do NOT approve of actions like this! We need FEWER foreign nations involved in our homeland, NOT more!!!!

    Just The News: “President-elect Donald Trump joined SoftBank Group CEO Masayoshi Son on Monday for an announcement that SoftBank is planning to invest $100 billion in U.S. projects over the next four years.

    Trump delivered remarks at his Mar-a-Lago resort after the announcement. 

    Trump wrote on social media Tuesday that anyone investing $1 billion or more in the United States “will receive fully expedited approvals and permits, including, but in no way limited to, all Environmental approvals.”

    Like

  26. Yummy fresh banana bread from Mom delivered this morning, as well as another pair of slipper socks. My BF’s were also delivered a few minutes ago. No slips/slides, thankfully.

    Liked by 1 person

  31. H/T Rodney

    “#BREAKING: Numerous injuries and fatalities have been reported after a shootıng at Abundant Life Christian School in Wisconsin It’s unclear exactly who the victims are or if the shooter is still at large, but the emergency response is very heavy.”

    https://twitter.com/nicksortor/status/1868714761426551088

    USA Today: “Multiple people have been injured during a shooting at a Wisconsin school on Monday morning, Wisconsin law enforcement officials said.

    Reports of an active shooting came in shortly before 11 a.m. local time on Monday at Abundant Life Christian School in Madison, Wisconsin, a spokesperson for the Dane County Sheriff’s Office told USA TODAY. Deputies with the sheriff’s office assisted with the call, the spokesperson added.

    Madison is about 80 miles away from Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

    Multiple injuries have been reported as the investigation into the shooting is active and ongoing, the Madison Police Department wrote in a Facebook post.

    Police have asked people to avoid the area as roads will be blocked along Buckeye Road, according to the Facebook post.”

    FB: “The Madison Police Department is investigating a shooting at Abundant Life Christian School. Multiple injuries have been reported. This remains an active and ongoing investigation. More information will be released as it is available.

    We currently need people to avoid the area. Roads will be blocked off along 4900 Buckeye Road. Drivers and community members are asked to find alternate routes in travel is needed in this area.

    Media staging at Kwik Trip on Buckeye Rd.”

    Liked by 1 person

  32. From Madison, WI Chief of Police: Around 10:57 am active shooter call to police; multiple victims w/gunshot wounds; officers located a juvenile they believe was responsible deceased in the building; total of 7 people were transported to area hospitals; at least 3 people have died, including the shooter.

    Liked by 1 person

    2. Anyone want to make a bet that it’s some teen who has been drugged beyond comprehension by their so-called “psych” doctor?!?!

      Liked by 2 people

  36. saw this at Marica’s

    Marica

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    Military drones are sniffing for spill site.
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  38. One teacher and one student dead as well as the shooter, who was a student there; handgun was recovered; restricted to one area of the school; shooter’s family is cooperating; no known motive yet

    Liked by 1 person

  41. EXCERPT: “Joe Biden is technically still occupying the White House for 35 more days until Jan. 20. He’s supposedly “in charge.” But it already seems like President-elect Donald Trump has taken the reins with his actions. 

    In a press conference on Monday, Trump took a variety of questions and laid out aspects of the coming “golden age” he said he would be ringing in with his policies. He already announced what sounds like a terrific deal with SoftBank to have more investment in this country that would reportedly create thousands of new jobs for Americans. Unlike Biden, who can’t handle press conferences, during this presser, what you finally saw was someone in command again. 

    Here was Trump, solid and in control. Asked a silly question by a reporter, he saw the inherent problem or trap in the question and wasn’t afraid to call the reporter out on the question when the reporter asked if he was going to do preemptive strikes on Iran. 

    https://x.com/EndWokeness/status/1868701889115902325

    “Why would I say that?” Trump said. “Can you imagine if said yes or no?” He even had some of the reporters laughing at that, an acknowledgment that he was right. He said any way he answered that question would be wrong, and they would find it “strange.” “Is that a serious question? How could I answer a question like that?” Why would he ever give Iran such a heads-up? He’d never comment on an upcoming military action. 

    That’s how you teach such a reporter to not ask such silliness again, by spelling out how silly it is. But Trump was too smart to fall for it and then get they would twist a soundbite out of that. He also took out the question without personally attacking the reporter. 

    Can you imagine Kamala Harris even being able to answer such a question? If she tried, you’d probably get an empty word salad and at least three cackle attacks. If Joe Biden got that kind of question, he’d end up somehow blaming Israel or otherwise screwing it up. However, the media probably wouldn’t even ask because that would be too challenging and hard for the duo…..”

    https://redstate.com/nick-arama/2024/12/16/trump-in-control-deftly-deals-with-reporter-n2183272

    Liked by 1 person

  42. EXCERPT: “CNN is in quite a bit of hot water after a desperate attempt to go viral went horribly wrong in Syria.

    It all started when the left-wing network’s Chief International Correspondent Clarissa Ward produced a story about how she and others supposedly released a man from a prison formerly controlled by Bashar al-Assad. CNN immediately published the video of the ordeal, bragging about how their cameras “caught the moment” he was “freed.” 

    Ward then went to social media to garner clicks, calling it “one of the most extraordinary moments” she had ever witnessed.

    https://x.com/clarissaward/status/1866987136429531591

    Readers ad context: “Verify-Sy, a Syrian fact checking group, now says that this man is Air Force Intelligence First Lieutenant Salama Mohammad Salama, notorious for extortion and theft in Homs, who had been arrested due to disputes with his colleagues about profit sharing.”

    The man claimed to have been held in solitary confinement for three months. Yet he was well-clothed, clean-shaven, and clearly in excellent health. He was also more than happy to play his situation up for CNN’s enjoyment, and they were more than happy to accept whatever he said.

    Something was off, though, and internet sleuths set to work to figure out what the truth was. The answer turned out to not only be mind-blowing, but a colossal, credibility-crushing embarrassment for CNN.

    The prisoner CNN helped free from a secret facility in Syria was actually a notorious member of Bashar al-Assad’s forces known to torture those who refused to pay him off, according to a shocking local fact check.

    The network went viral last week with footage of the startled prisoner being led from the prison by journalist Clarissa Ward, who called it  “one of the most extraordinary moments I have witnessed” in her 20 years of reporting.

    But “independent and unbiased” fact-checkers Verify-Sy published a detailed report Sunday saying that the seemingly innocent prisoner was actually Salama Mohammad Salama — a first lieutenant in Syrian Air Force Intelligence with a long history of alleged war crimes.

    “We have subsequently been investigating his background and are aware that he may have given a false identity,” CNN acknowledged to The Post. “We are continuing our reporting into this and the wider story.”

    Yes, the failing left-wing network was so desperate for ratings that it “accidentally” released a notorious torture agent of the now-fallen Bashar al-Assad regime. Telling CNN that his name was “Adel Gharbal,” Salama Mohammad Salama used Ward’s desperation to go viral as a means to escape his confinement. Why was he in the cell? Because after years of extorting, torturing, and murdering people, he got into a dispute over money with a higher-ranking officer…..”

    https://redstate.com/bonchie/2024/12/16/cnn-accidentally-released-an-assad-regime-torturer-during-cheap-desperate-attempt-to-go-viral-n2183262

    Liked by 1 person

  45. From 1917:

    James Henry Eastman, a Detroit inventor who held several patents for violet ray machines, established the RenuLife Electric Co., in Detroit, in 1917. The device was a hand-held Tesla coil with glass tubes to (theoretically) protect the user:

    “Treatment with a violet ray machine involved attaching one of a various set of evacuated glass tubes to a handle, holding it to whatever part of your body was troublesome, and then switching it on. This caused a high voltage, high frequency, low electrical current to run through the body. Similar technology is actually still used today in TENS machines that zap low currents into a targeted area of the body to relieve pain through nerve stimulation, though modern machines are safer and their use is monitored by trained professionals who use them only for specific types of pain. A violet ray machine, on the other hand, was capable of creating a powerful electric arc that could cause serious skin burns.”

    Liked by 1 person

  48. H/T Rodney

    “The alleged shooter at Abundant Life Christian School in Madison has been identified as Samantha Rupnow, a biological female and self-proclaimed feminist who attended the school.

    She was fascinated by true crime and admired the Columbine shooters. There is speculation that a manifesto exists but is currently set to private on Google Docs.”

    OK….this is weird – there is a video of what appears to be a young man (or female w/short hair) wearing headgear & shooting a gun at something (someone?), then seemingly shooting him/herself in the head and falling on the ground, with a quickly-forming blood pool on the floor – what seems to be an instructor (wearing headgear) moves near him/her and seemingly ignores him/her and walks away….not sure what that’s all about….but here it is:

    https://twitter.com/ShadowofEzra/status/1868767661653451063

    Liked by 1 person

  49. “Very inviting home….”

    “A sure-footed cat…”

    Ski tour from 7,500 feet through south and east facing terrain to the top of Gray Butte at 8,108 feet. 

    “An additional 15+ centimeters of new snow that bears a higher water content has capped yesterday’s (12/12/24) 10-12 centimeters of dry snow. The total new snow in the past 48 hours is nearing 30 centimeters and is forming into slabs. Tonight, as the snowfall and wind intensify, the likelihood of encountering storm and wind slabs will become even more likely. There is a thin crust at the new/old snow interface that is isolated in distribution but forms an ideal bed surface for avalanches- this will be an interface to keep an eye over the next few days.”

    Liked by 1 person

  50. Breaking: I can report that the deceased mass shooter at Abundant Life Christian School in Madison, Wisc. is a 15-year-old girl named Natalie Lynn Rupnow.

    She carried out the mass shooting in the school library, according to a source. She did not identify as trans.

    The teen girl used the name “Sam” online and the username “crossixir.” She had an extensive online obsession with school shooters and death, particularly the 1999 Columbine High School shooting. Rupnow was a big fan of the KMFDM rock band, which was also referenced by one of the Columbine shooters. (She often wore the shirt of the band.)

    Rupnow’s online friends identified the X account, which purported to belong to the shooter, soon after news broke of the shooting. The account’s last post is of an “okay” hand symbol in the school’s bathroom by the library minutes before the shooting.”

    https://twitter.com/MrAndyNgo/status/1868783656502018448

    Liked by 1 person

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