Jamestown

History 7 Minutes

In spring 1607, a group of 104 English men and boys landed on the banks of a large river in present-day Virginia and built a fort on hunting land that belonged to the Powhatan Chiefdom. They formed a small settlement—the first permanent English colony in North America—and named it Jamestown after King James I of England. Over the next several decades, Jamestown nearly collapsed multiple times as the colonists succumbed to disease and famine.

The settlement’s history is pocked with dramatic events and historical figures. Here are 11 eye-opening facts about Jamestown.

The Virginia Company funded the colonizing expedition.

In April 1606, King James I chartered the Virginia Company, a joint stock venture in London, to colonize the eastern coast of North America between latitudes 34° and 41° North (roughly between Wilmington, North Carolina, and Long Island, New York). The company was made up of merchants and entrepreneurs and was named for James’s predecessor, Queen Elizabeth I, the “virgin queen.”

In December 1606, the Virginia Company sent about 100 of its members on three ships—the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery—to establish the new colony of Virginia, with Jamestown as its capital. The company’s investors expected to recoup their funds from the discovery of gold and silver and/or a river route to the Pacific Ocean, which they could use to establish trade with Asia. (Neither was discovered.)

Captain John Smith arrived in Virginia as a prisoner.

John Smith, a prominent English soldier and adventurer, arrived in Virginia aboard the Susan Constant in shackles. Expedition leader Christopher Newport had accused Smith of mutiny on the four-month journey across the Atlantic and held him below deck for the remainder of the trip.

When they reached shore, the group’s leaders opened a box containing their orders from the Virginia Company’s leaders and learned that Smith was among those named to the governing council. At least one report says that Smith was saved from being hanged only through the efforts of the colony’s minister, Reverend Robert Hunt. Smith eventually assumed his council position.

Life in Jamestown was precarious.

At first, colonists were awed by the apparent abundance of food and beauty of the Virginia landscape. The river teemed with mussels and oysters and the forests were full of game. But they were less than adept at hunting and soon ran low on food. They drank contaminated water, contracted diseases like the “bloody flux” (dysentery) and possibly plague; their fort burned down, and they suffered through an unusually cold winter with little shelter. By January 1608, just 38 of the original 104 colonists were still alive.

The legend of Pocahontas saving John Smith’s life is probably not quite true.

In September 1608, Smith was elected president of the colony and is credited with a dramatic drop in the death toll. Smith led efforts to rebuild the fort, plant crops, and dig a well—but he also annoyed the Powhatan leaders.

While on a trading mission to obtain food for the colonists, he met 11-year-old Pocahontas, a member of the Pamunkey tribe and the daughter of Powhatan, chief of more than 30 Algonquian-speaking tribes of the Powhatan Chiefdom in territory called Tsenacomoco. Pocahontas was her nickname (translating to “playful one” or even “naughty child”); her given name was Amonute and she was called Matoaka by her family.

According to legend arising from one of Smith’s accounts (there are several), Smith had been kidnapped by Pocahontas’s brother on his way to ask the chiefdom’s leaders for food. He was taken before Powhatan, who decided to execute him. Pocahontas supposedly saved Smith just before the ax fell.

Historians debate the circumstances of the story. One theory suggests that Smith was instead part of a ritual inducting him into the Powhatan tribe, but he didn’t understand what was happening and assumed they wanted to kill him. Either way, Smith returned to Jamestown several months later and Pocahontas became a sort of diplomat between the colonists and the chiefdom, though relations remained strained.

Jamestown’s first colonists resorted to cannibalism to survive.

A new group of colonists arrived in August 1609 without the expected provisions needed to survive the winter; their ships carrying supplies for the whole colony had run aground in Bermuda. Now, Jamestown had more mouths to feed and even less to eat.

Hostilities over food and other issues with the Powhatan Chiefdom escalated that fall and erupted into what the English viewed as the First Anglo-Powhatan War. Powhatan ordered a siege of Fort James, preventing the colonists from venturing out to hunt, fish, or steal the tribes’ food. The English ran out of provisions and fresh water. They resorted to slaughtering their horses for meat, then ate dogs, cats, rats, and snakes; archaeological and written evidence from the time also indicates cannibalism. Colonist George Percy wrote that some ate their comrades and others “Licked upp the Bloode wch hathe fallen from their weake fellowes.”

The brutal winter of 1609-1610 became known as “the starving time.” More than half of the colony died by the spring, at which time Powhatan’s forces lifted the siege so they could begin planting crops. In May 1610, the crew of the Sea Venture—a supply ship that had been wrecked in Bermuda the previous year—arrived with a group of carpenters, shipwrights, farmers, and other skilled laborers. Then another ship arrived with a years’ worth of provisions, saving the foundering colony.

John Rolfe smuggled in seeds for Virginia’s first cash crop—tobacco.

Colonist John Rolfe—who later married Pocahontas—brought South American tobacco seeds to Jamestown, though it’s unknown where he got them. King James hated tobacco; Spain, which controlled Central and South America, threatened to punish anyone who sold their tobacco seeds to non-Spaniards with death. South American tobacco was considered sweeter and more desirable than the bitter tobacco typically smoked in North America.

Historians guess that Rolfe, a passenger on the Sea Venture, could have acquired the seeds while he was shipwrecked in Bermuda. Others speculate that Rolfe may have picked them up in Trinidad or another Caribbean location.

Rolfe’s successful cultivation of tobacco led to a commercial venture that saved Virginia financially. In 1617, tobacco exports to England totaled 20,000 pounds, then more than doubled the following year. Exports exceeded 1.5 million pounds by 1630.

Virginia’s House of Burgesses was the American colonies’ first democratically elected legislative body.

The House of Burgesses was the first English representative government in North America. It grew out of the General Assembly, established in 1619, which included a governor, council of legislators appointed by the Virginia Company, and two representatives (burgesses) from each of Virginia’s 11 communities. Only the burgesses were elected.

In 1643, the governor created a bicameral legislature by making the House of Burgesses its own law-making body. In the 18th century, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry all served as elected burgesses.

The first enslaved Africans arrived in Jamestown in 1619.

On August 20, 1619, an English privateer named the White Lion landed at Point Comfort, Virginia, with about 20 enslaved Africans. The ship had attacked the San Juan Bautista, a Portuguese vessel transporting the enslaved people to Mexico, and had taken its captives to Jamestown. The White Lion’s captain traded them “for victualls,” according to John Rolfe.

The Africans had lived in the Ndongo Kingdom in Angola, where the Portuguese mercenaries and their allies had kidnapped them. Their arrival in Virginia is viewed as the beginning of slavery in English North America (slavery existed in Spanish-controlled Florida already). The site where they landed is now Fort Monroe National Monument in Hampton, Virginia.

Women went to Jamestown as “tobacco brides.”

By 1621, Jamestown’s population was faltering, and women of child-bearing age weren’t eager to travel to a rough-and-tumble settlement where disease and famine had taken their toll. To boost their numbers, the Virginia Company placed an ad in London seeking “young and uncorrupt” women to marry Jamestown’s well-off colonists. The women were promised their choice of husbands and free passage to the colony; the husbands agreed to reimburse the company’s expenses with up to 150 pounds of tobacco. The arrangement drew 90 “tobacco brides” in 1620 and another 56 in 1621 and 1622.

Jamestown served as Virginia’s capital until 1699.

Jamestown’s buildings, including the fort, state house, and church, burned down several times and were rebuilt. In 1676, a century before the American Revolution, a planter named Nathaniel Bacon led an armed uprising against England’s colonial government in Virginia. His beef with the governor arose when he was denied military help to violently expel Native Americans from their lands bordering the colony. Poor farmers who opposed the governor’s high taxes fell in with Bacon’s revolt. After Bacon battled the Native people on his own, his forces drove out the governor and set Jamestown on fire.The rebellion was short-lived, but the damage had been done. The seat of the colonial government moved to Williamsburg in 1699. (The capital moved to its present site in Richmond in 1780.)Jamestown is under threat from climate change.Remnants of Jamestown’s original structures and more than 3 million artifacts have been unearthed by archaeologists, and the site is still an active dig. But rising sea levels, intense storms, and frequent flooding threaten the site, which sits on a low-lying tidewater island between a swamp and the James River. Engineers are holding the damage at bay with sandbags, sump pumps, and tarps, and an effort is underway to shore up an existing sea wall. In 2022, the National Trust for Historic Preservation placed Jamestown on its list of the country’s most endangered historic places.Source: Karin Crompton @ Mental Floss

Jamestown is under threat from climate change.Remnants of Jamestown’s original structures and more than 3 million artifacts have been unearthed by archaeologists, and the site is still an active dig. But rising sea levels, intense storms, and frequent flooding threaten the site, which sits on a low-lying tidewater island between a swamp and the James River. Engineers are holding the damage at bay with sandbags, sump pumps, and tarps, and an effort is underway to shore up an existing sea wall. In 2022, the National Trust for Historic Preservation placed Jamestown on its list of the country’s most endangered historic places.

Source: Karin Crompton @ Mental Floss

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Published by pat frederick

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191 thoughts on “Jamestown”

  1. Morning, Pat! Just heard on Fox that over $1M has been donated for Penny’s defense (the subway vet in NYC)! Still dark so I can’t see the sky but it’s still damp with high humidity – my front porch is all wet so at least light rain. 60 right now and, IIRC, it’s not supposed to be as warm the next few days. Hopefully, it will dry up a bit and I can mow the back and weed-eat today.

    Now to actually read the open – I’d read about Jamestown briefly but not in depth before. I expect it will be interesting….altho I did see that BS about “CLIMATE CHANGE!!!” Pffftttt….

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Morning Filly!
      Happy Mother’s Day!
      when i got downstairs, there were 2 orioles sitting on the deck railing scolding me LOUDLY…lol
      when I took the jelly feeder out, they didn’t even fly away. just waited for me to tie it to the railing and walk away before BOTH feeding….

      Liked by 1 person

            1. they were very hungry…LOL

              last night we had 3 hummers on one feeder–there are more arriving and feeding all the time it seems…

              Liked by 1 person

            1. yeah…i have seen one that i know of…she is not as bright as he is and usually visits right after he does. (a little smaller too)

              Liked by 1 person

    1. THIS was why they placed the requirement of Natural Born Citizen in the Constitution for the President and the VP! Even that wouldn’t have saved us from this debacle, tho! Then again, FJB most likely wouldn’t even be on the radar without the MIC, who clearly did NOT satisfy the NBC requirement so…..

      Liked by 1 person

  10. emet
    May 14, 2023 12:24 am

    I was looking at the attire worn by the Patriot Demonstrators. I would bet it was ordered from
    R and R Uniforms which has the contract to supply uniforms to civilian agencies of the Federal Govt.

    Liked by 1 person

  14. “Why the Hell Would You Support Ukraine’s Despots? US JOURNALIST “DISAPEARED” ON CAMERA AND COWARDLY BIDEN COWERS, OR WORSE, ORDERED IT!!”
    JIMYCHANGA
    MAY 14, 2023

    ENTIRE ARTICLE: “WHY THE HELL IS ANYONE SUPPORTING UKRAINE’S DESPOTS?

    Since the beginning of the conflict in Ukraine, Western media and governments have systematically overlooked or even suppressed news and information about any undemocratic, criminal, or corrupt activities or even war crimes committed by the Ukrainian side of the conflict, while emphasising the same from the Russian side.

    While it is true that Lira has courageously done the US press job for them, raising valid criticisms of the Zelensky regime and the eight-year-long shelling of Donbas residents by Kyiv, he has not participated in any activities other than exercising his right to free speech as a citizen and respected journalist.

    Why the cowardly silence from President Biden who purports to be spending US tax-payer Billions for “freedom”. It smells like just one more family heist from Biden and Associates! Whether or not we agree with Lira’s opinions, freedom of speech must not be restricted, especially during times of conflict. These are the values we claim to be defending.”

    Updates: https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/world-int/23512-detaining-gonzalo-lira-another-blow-to-the-freedom-of-press-in-ukraine.html

    Liked by 1 person

    1. well WE know why he’s sending billions there–cuz they’re laundering a good percentage BACK to him and the other slimerats in DC

      Liked by 1 person

  15. for pete’s sake!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    the aclu is representing 4 ILLEGALS in suing a NY county for not forcing their hotels to accomodate the illegals. HOW DO THEY HAVE THE RIGHT TO SUE?
    FTA
    On Thursday, the New York Civil Liberties Union (ACLU of New York) represented four illegal immigrants who filed a lawsuit against Rockland and Orange counties for not allowing hotels to accommodate them.

    “The New York Civil Liberties Union today filed a federal lawsuit against Rockland and Orange Counties for barring the arrival of migrants who chose to relocate from New York City,” the leftwing group announced.

    “The two counties had issued executive orders barring hotels from making rooms available to migrants, in violation of the Due Process and Equal Protection clauses of the Constitution. The four plaintiffs are migrants who sheltered in New York City and opted into a city-run program to relocate.”

    “Today’s lawsuit asks the court to stop the two counties from interfering with migrants’ travel and lodging. NYCLU attorneys bringing the challenge include Amy Belsher, Antony Gemmell, Lupe Aguirre, Ify Chikezie.”

    NEW: We’re suing Rockland and Orange counties for invoking a non-existent emergency in order to bar hotels from making rooms available to migrants.

    Immigrants have every right to travel and reside anywhere in New York, free of xenophobic harassment and discrimination. pic.twitter.com/hTfUeB5PhW

    — NYCLU (@NYCLU) May 11, 2023

    https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2023/05/four-illegal-immigrants-sue-two-republican-counties-in-new-york-for-banning-hotels-from-housing-illegals/

    Like

      1. i still don’t see how they have standing to sue. if you slip and fall in a bank while you are robbing them, you can’t sue the bank–if you are committing an illegal act.
        this is just another fricking way for the LAWYERS to get rich. and who’s paying for their defense?

        Liked by 1 person

  16. Liked by 3 people

  17. Huh…..Pilger – 20 miles E of Norfolk – is where my nephew and his wife used to live – had a HUGE tornado go thru there in 2014 – actually, 2 right after another – devastated the entire town! Chris’ house only had slight roof damage but the house next to him was totally destroyed. That is what is so crazy about tornadoes. That is also when his wife met a reporter there to cover the storms, hooked up with him and decided to leave with him…..and my SIL worked in Pilger the first year after we moved back in 2009. Who wants to bet this kid got the jab???

    NOTE: Ben Sasse used to be the President of this college – this Jamrog guy was associated with him; I’m not positive he was the coach at the time but I think he was…there was scuttlebutt of him having inappropriate involvement with young girls.

    Liked by 1 person

          1. We sat on our front porch when I was growing up – we looked over a valley to the south, before all the development, and it was a small one moving away from us or we’d have been in the basement. Dirt flying all around the base…scary but exciting, too.

            Liked by 1 person

  19. spreading scabies too…
    FTA
    Illegal invaders, who travel for thousands of miles through mud, jungles, rivers, cargo boxcars, unsanitary third-world city streets, and other inhospitable places before crossing into the U.S., can bring with them a lot more than just COVID.

    According to independent journalist Michael Yon, who has been traveling the migrant routes to the U.S. border:

    SCABIES: From Border Patrol source just now: “The problem with scabies is that is is highly contagious and the illegal aliens are getting in busses and commercial aircraft to travel around the country. The next person that sits in that seat now has scabies!”

    I, Michael Yon,… pic.twitter.com/bjmBJyFQKS
    — Michael Yon (@Michael_Yon) May 12, 2023

    We already know that they get onto buses, and good luck to the people who have no choice but to ride that method of transport that leftists are always trying to push Americans into.

    But it also appears to be true that illegals are somehow getting onto commercial aircraft — two days ago, I took a flight from the border city of San Diego to Denver, and was astonished to see the last seats filled in by a line of single weathered young men speaking Spanish and carrying raggedy backpacks who very much appeared to be recent border crossers. If it’s true they were illegal border crossers, then yes, it appears likely that after some rough travel, they could have had scabies and spread them to the next person who took their seats on the plane.

    Of course, any person who sleeps rough could, but we normally don’t see those people on planes. One wonders what mechanism exists that permits illegal border crossers to get onto commercial planes, and how many people may catch scabies as a result.

    And it’s worth noting that illegals bring in all sorts of diseases as they cross illegally into the U.S. — COVID, tuberculosis, leprosy, leishmanosis, flu… But scabies, unlike those other afflictions, some contagious, is pretty common and pretty closely linked to environmental factors, all of which involve rough travel and sleep, which is what nearly all illegals do.

    https://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2023/05/illegals_spreading_scabies_through_buses_planes_border_patrol_source_warns_report.html

    Liked by 1 person

    1. It is very common and a PITA to get rid of. When we first moved back in 1988 and lived in Madison, HB had a friend who lived in a MH with some not-very clean parents, shall we say? They were friends of ours, tho, and were very embarrassed. She and I bowled together and the girls would play together at the bowling alley. We also used to play cards with them. HB got scabies first, then all 3 of us got them. They spread like wildfire.

      Liked by 1 person

        1. We got a prescription ointment from the doctor – I had them on my stomach. I don’t really remember that much since it was way back in ’88-’89.

          Like

  20. american thinker has the story about the homeless vets being pushed out of hotels in ny to make room for illegals–noting the cost differential. the non profit seeking the housing for the vets can pay $88 a night whereas the gov’t is paying $190 for illegals–so of course the hotels seek the higher reward. (they are not factoring in what damage these illegals will do to their hotels, but that’s their problem.)
    and i was thinking about all the properties being bought up by blackrock and the like…anticipating their spot at the gov’t trough? they can recoup well and above whatever they paid for those properties…

    Liked by 1 person

      1. This is why I buy it by the case – my local grocery store orders it for me – I need to order another one. I got out there and the dish was TOTALLY empty, with one small pool of grape juice – I put one full bottle in…..I wasn’t back inside for 5 minutes and there were 6 of them flying around out there, taking turns, going from the nectar to the jelly….crazy!

        Liked by 1 person

        1. IKR?
          i put the jelly feeder out first, then the hummer feeders–we have 4 of those. the hummers will land on the feeders as i am putting them on the hooks.
          in a few weeks, I will start holding the feeder for a while and see if i can get them to land on my hand

          Liked by 1 person

          1. Be prepared to put some time into it……I tried to get a pic of 6 Orioles all out there at the same time but, of course, by the time I got outside, they were gone. And it’s too cold and damp to stand out there in my slipper socks! Only 59 now, breezy, damp, cloudy….good day to be inside! No weed-eating today, I guess! LOL

            Liked by 1 person

  23. Cjzak
    Cjzak
    May 14, 2023 8:43 am

    “Current world population:
    8,025,718,113
    People born from women:
    8,025,718,113
    People born from men: 0
    Feel free to fact check.

    “Gender dysphoria is a mental disorder. Name
    ONE other mental disorder where the
    treatment is to embrace the irrational thoughts
    of the patient instead of grounding them in
    reality and helping them work through the
    cognitive distortions. Further, who you are
    attracted to is not interesting. We don’t need to
    celebrate it or scream it to others. It’s boring.”

    Jason Pepe. From his Gab page.

    Liked by 1 person

  24. Can someone…..anyone…explain to me how THIS crap can possibly be considered to be good art?!?! A six year old could paint this!!!! SMDH – who in their right fucking mind would pay $150 for this shit?!?
    “Spring Hills 2 ‐ Oil ‐ Panel ‐ 8 x 10 ‐ Available ‐ $150.00 USD”

    Liked by 1 person

  30. Good Morning and Happy Mother’s Day Pat …

    I pray your Mom is well… and that your day is a great one…

    I Apologize for not stopping in more often, your articles are so interesting and I miss you.

    Am aiming to be here more often …

    Liked by 2 people

    2. Morning phoenix!
      Happy Mother’s Day to you too!
      my mom is doing well, thanks for asking.
      and your family?? how are they???
      you visit when you can!

      Liked by 2 people

      1. Thank you for asking about family ,,, today is a difficult one for most … my niece Marie passed in late December and my sister Helen and daughter Denise are struggling… as are Marie’s daughters … first Mother’s day is brutal… Helen is awaiting results of another biopsy (stress has not been her friend) … she has had three different incidents of cancer … kicked butt for all, but … If there is a quota, I would think she has reached it … this biop is GI related … prayers needed. Good news is Randy took my Sissy and their 18 mo old gr/grand baby to MD dinner yesterday. What a fighter, huh…? I hope he slows down, and gives some more time for healing…

        Well, you didn’t ask for all that, did you! Thanks anyway… am very emotional today… late Hubby passed on a Mother’s Day … 12 years, but … yesterday…?

        Liked by 1 person

  31. just got a “compliment” from my hubby…LOL
    our son wanted to borrow our augur–he’s putting in a fence. hubby wanted to make sure it was clean and running so he was tinkering in the garage. i hadn’t heard anything for a while so I went down and he was looking around his work bench for something so I asked for what?
    he was looking for the instruction manual. I went upstairs, right to my “manuals” binder, found it and brought it down to him–less than 2 minutes later.
    He said I’m so happy you’re so anal about these things…LOL
    well, I TOOK it as a compliment anyway…LOL

    Liked by 3 people

    1. Well, I’m at the point of choosing between the lesser of the evils (and my irritation level!) and parse out the lies. That’s pretty much all you can do these days – ALL of the media has some issue at some level, except the citizen media, like James’ OMG Media.

      Liked by 1 person


  36. “At our farm, we have a few dogs but our security system comes in the form of “Bella”. Bella is a blue eyed, deceptively sweet looking Aussie with a no nonsense distrust and dislike of all strangers. She is backed up by Oso and Nina – who are more bark than bite, but just as impressively scary.”

    Liked by 1 person

  46. predictable! newsome backtracks on reparations.
    but check out the last paragraph…reparations for STUDENTS?? hmmmm…that would mean firing all the teachers and hire ones THAT CAN TEACH NOT PREACH
    FTA
    Now, however, after a predictable media storm and backlash from the black activists whose hopes he had raised with the reparations task force, Newsom is moving back in the opposite direction. The Sacramento Bee reports:

    A spokesperson for Newsom clarified his comments in an email statement to The Bee.

    “The sensationalized framing in pieces published by outlets like Fox News and others is inaccurate. The Governor looks forward to reviewing the final report — and all recommendations — when complete.”

    Newsom’s chief communication advisor, Anthony York said that Newsom is not backing away from cash payments, but wants to wait for the report in its entirety to arrive on his desk before he makes any decision.

    The committee’s other, non-cash recommendations include overriding the will of the voters and repealing the law that prevents California from using race-based policies, such as affirmative action, in state actions.

    It is not clear how California would pay cash reparations. Newsom has seen a $100 billion budget surplus turn into a $32 billion deficit this year, and cities like San Francisco, which is also pursuing reparations, face similar problems.

    Teachers in Oakland recently went on strike to demand that the school district provide reparations to black students in the district. The district has, thus far, agreed to create a reparations task force.

    https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2023/05/14/gavin-newsom-backtracks-open-to-cash-reparations-for-slavery-after-all/

    Liked by 1 person

  49. Troublemaker10
    Troublemaker10
    May 14, 2023 1:34 pm

    Donald J. Trump
    @realDonaldTrump

    ·
    1h
    Rob DeSanctimonious and his poll numbers are dropping like a rock – I would almost be inclined to say, these are record “falls.” The question: Is “Rob” just young, inexperienced and naive or, more troubling, is he a fool who has no idea what he is doing. We already have one of those in office, we don’t need another one. MAGA!

    May 14, 2023, 11:38 AM

    Liked by 2 people

      1. I am going to throw something out there.
        warning: this theory has no proof and is out there.
        what if ron was offered something he couldn’t refuse? like say the answer to his wife’s cancer–like rbg was given? she gets cured, he gets elected…and does as he is told

        Liked by 1 person

          1. sometimes I wonder if they couldn’t have bought doctors to fake these diagnosis as well…easier than divulging more people to the limited cures they are keeping to themselves…

            Liked by 1 person

  50. just got back…we drove into town so I could wish my mother a Happy Mother’s Day.
    we drove around the lake while we talked then came home.

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Nice! All is well with her, presumably….I decided I’m going to buy a trail camera and mount it on the exterior of the patio, aimed at the garden bed. There were at least 20 birds flying around, 4 on the jelly feeder, with only 3 being Orioles – a sparrow/finch, too – with more Orioles waiting! There were all kinds of sparrows and finches, as well as blackbirds and a red-headed woodpecker on the hanging seed feeder, all at the same time!!!

      Temps has dropped to 56, almost continuous light rain, and a little bit stiffer wind. Not a nice day to be out there. I’m afraid the vincas I planted in front won’t make it – first, they got burned in the morning sun. I forgot that even tho they were in the sun for up to 6 hours every day, it was afternoon sun, which is weaker. Plus, I was in too much of a hurry and didn’t replace all that soil with fresh soil – it is nothing but sticky clay. Ah, well, we’ll see – I’ll either fix it in time and save them or not. Then I’ll do it right and try again! Probably something more tolerant of high-heat.

      Liked by 1 person

      1. she’s fine, thanks!
        we tried our trail cam with the hummers, but they are so quick…
        there were vincas at the garden center yesterday and they were sooo small compared to yours!

        Liked by 1 person

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