Bishop Castle

Entertainment, Travel 10 Minutes

The Early Years

Let’s talk about being inspired. Young Jim Bishop in 1959, at the ripe old age of 15, paid four hundred and fifty dollars for a two and a half acre parcel of land enclosed on three sides by the majestic San Isabel National Forest in southern Colorado. It was money saved from mowing lawns, throwing newspapers, and working with his father Willard in the family ornamental iron works. Jim had dropped out of high school that year over an argument from his English teacher who yelled at him “You’ll never amount to anything Jim Bishop!” Ever since he was a boy, Jim was powerfully drawn up towards the mountains visible to the west from Pueblo, and having found a small 2-1/2 acre parcel one weekend on a bicycle journey with some friends, convinced his parents to buy it for him with his money.

So Willard and ma Polly signed for the land deal which Jim wasn’t even old enough to do himself, and the family now had a heavily forested two and a half acres at 9000 feet. Jim and his dad spent the next ten summers camping out on the land and doing the groundwork for a family cabin on the site. Setting the stage for what was to come, Jim soon learned that he really enjoyed swinging an axe and wielding a shovel or pick in building their clearing with a drive up to it, which is now the court-yard between the family cabin and the castle itself with it’s driveway.

It was in 1967 that Jim and Phoebe got married, a union they still enjoy to this day, and in 1969 at the age of twenty-five, Jim decided it was time to start building a cabin in the mountains they so loved. Since rocks were plentiful, everywhere, and free, he chose to start building a one room stone cottage…

NOTE: Stock photo – The Bishop cabin had windows on all sides and big double doors in front. When they left the door open, the hummers would sometimes fly in – the hummers got so familiar with them that when they wanted to leave and the door was closed, the would hover in front of the door until they opened it for them. They also had chairs that were tree stumps, with the seat hollowed out.

Snow doesn’t melt completely at 9000 feet usually until the middle of May, sometimes even into June, so the summer building season is a short one. Jim started building his cabin, and after a while Jim and Willard started trading off two week stints, one at the shop running the business and one up the mountain working on the family cabin. This lasted until the late spring of 1971, when the problem of getting running water into the cabin arose. Willard suggesting putting in a large metal tank that he had salvaged from a welding job to be a gravity fed cistern. Jim thought it’d be functional, and construction began on the water tank. It is a 40 foot metal cylinder which Willard surrounded with stonework.

Jim continued to build his cottage, and the walls grew. Throughout the summer, family friends, a couple local ranchers, and even some family members commented that it looked like they were building a castle! “Hey Jim! That looks like a turret or something!” “What are you building, a castle?!”

Jim heard that enough times that by the time late spring 1972 rolled around, his imagination had been stirred something fierce, and Mr. Jim Bishop started telling friends and family that he was in fact going to be building a castle! When Willard first heard this, he stated as a matter of fact that castles tended to be pretty huge and that he wasn’t going to have anything to do with it! “That’s just too much work!” Jim kept right on building, and the construction that began as a one room stone cottage with an Eiffel Tower shaped fireplace gave birth to this country’s, and maybe even the world’s, largest one man project – The Bishop Castle.

It Just Keeps On Growing!
As the castle grew, so did word of the guy up in the mountains who was pursuing the American Dream – to be King of your own Castle! People came to visit more and more often, and Jim would often be asked if he wanted help building his castle. For the first eight years, the answer was always Sure! And in those eight years, not a single person ever kept their word and showed up to help. In a fit of cynical frustration, Jim vowed that “By God, I’ve gotten this far by myself. If you’re going to do something right, do it yourself!” So like the castle itself, the idea of the castle being a one man project was born in the process of the doing and was not an original intention or a childhood dream like many people think. And he kept building. And building. And the Bishop Castle grew…

Other Discoveries Along the Way

Many of the features of the Bishop Castle were discovered intuitively or stumbled upon as the building unfolded. In the process of the castle building, Jim discovered that he also really enjoyed building his body too. He even set up an old army wall tent in the clearing, where he would workout with weights for a couple of hours in the evenings after having built with stone and mortar all day! As he became increasingly involved in the weight lifting regime physically, he also discovered that realm of mind where his principles in building could also be applied to his life – balance in everything! This became an ideal he strove for in this proving of himself, through his stonework, his body, and in his mind. It was through this approach that Jim soon realized that he would find himself completely visualizing what he could build next and how it would all fit together on such a large scale.

There are no plans, blueprints or drawings other than the one Jim did to illustrate his book “Castle Building from my point of view”. The more Jim experienced how certain features lined up or fell into place is when he started suspecting that maybe something “more” was going on, that maybe it was the Creator of All Things working through him in this magnificent endeavor that seemed to have a spirit of it’s own. Jim started describing the Bishop Castle as “Built by One Man with the Help of God.” There’s really no other way to explain it!. And it kept growing…

Feats of Strength

In order to pursue the totality of what he could visualize, Jim employed anything and everything that was available to him. He had apprenticed and then mastered with his father in the family’s Bishop Ornamental Iron shop welding and scroll bending and learning how things fit together for most of his life. Jim did everything – hauling rock from the state highway ditches, felling timber and then milling it into lumber, building railroad ties into forms for his arches, (he’s used the same form over and over), building scaffolding as he went. He hand dug holes up to 12 feet deep for the foundations, mixed all his own mortar, carried it, usually up, to wherever he was working, created and rigged complex systems of pulleys and come-alongs to hoist such things as tree trunks for the floor supports, and, stone by stone, his dreams were being made manifest. Jim handles each and every stone in the castle on average of SIX TIMES before it rests in it’s final configuration in this massive re-organizing of the scattered granite in the Rocky Mountains into the form of the Bishop Castle.

Structural Ornaments

The beginning of the square tower on the south side of the main keep saw the first massive use of ironwork in the construction. Up until then Jim had incorporated his ironwork as window frames, stairs, and the purely ornamental. Now his use of iron and steel became structural, with a core frame for the tower starting from it’s foundations. The rock work formed around this base and created such strength that Jim had no fear contemplating the heights that the tower might one day climb to. Wooden forms soon gave way to ornamental iron forms in the arches of the second floor, some of the most incredible examples of precision geometry found in the castle. And the most magnificent feature of all, the inner roof support trusses and the main central arch which are so detailed, yet so massively functional that they boggle the mind. Everywhere one looks something will boggle the mind, such as the fact that the hand railing going up the S.W. corner, named Roy’s Tower, with all of it’s bizarre twists and turns, was hammered cold into it’s highly custom shape!

Perhaps the water cistern is contained inside of this tower.

The Dream Defined

Over the years as the castle grew, more and more people heard about this phenomenon up in the mountains and began showing up in increasing numbers. Friends told Jim that he should be making some money off what was becoming an attraction! Jim felt differently though – he hated it when he was a kid and couldn’t go to the zoo or the ballpark because admission for the whole family was too high for a bunch of working class folks. Since the original idea for a castle came from people visiting the property, Jim figured that if people were welcomed onto the property FOR FREE then he could put out a donation box and people could put in there what they felt comfortable putting in there. The honor system would be the financier! This increased Jim’s feeling of the castle truly being a place of American Freedom. He felt like he worked hard enough down in Pueblo to support the family that he would build as much as the visitors provided for. This has frustrated him at times over the years, wanting to build larger items such as an elevator and not having the funds to do so, but he feels so strongly about the dream being kept intact that he’s even written into legal documents that the Bishop Castle will always remain free as long as it stands. This belief in America being a Free Country made up of Free Persons has fueled his passions in building the castle to represent the American Dream in an undeniably tangible and awe inspiring form!

Enter The Dragon

In the mid 1980’s, a friend of Jim’s was driving a truck full of discarded stainless steel warming plates from the Pueblo County Hospital to the landfill. He decided that Jim could probably put this motherload of expensive stainless steel to better use than the dump could, so dropped it off at the Bishop Ornamental Iron Shop instead. Jim spent the winter building a chimney out of the steel, riveting thousands of hammered “scales” that he had cut out of the plates together around a steel frame. The dragon was completed in the spring and Jim hauled it up the mountain to tackle the daunting task of raising and installing this incredible sculpture to where it rests today, perched off of the front of the Grand Ballroom eighty feet in the air! Later came the addition of a burner from a hot air balloon (that was donated!) which Jim put in the back of the dragons throat, making it a true Fire Breathing Dragon!

Unimaginable Heights Reached

Jim is often told that he must not be afraid of heights! The way he figures it, he began at the bedrock base of the earth and has been gradually building up, so gradual that as the height grew, he was as comfortable with it as with being on the ground. Jim’s experience with the castle has been so intimate, (he’s held EVERY SINGLE STONE IN THERE ON AN AVERAGE OF SIX TIMES), that he’s grown stone by stone as well and doesn’t mind the heights at all. In 1994 Jim reached a point with the square Andreatta tower, named after the family that donated the old school bells that hang in it, where he felt satisfied that it was high enough. That didn’t last long, as in 1995 he built and installed a thirty foot tall steel steeple on top of the masonry, taking the total height to roughly 160 feet! That’s about the size of a 16 story building! Jim has remained satisfied with the overall height of his castle to the present, though he’s recently been threatening to build one of the corner outer wall towers to 250 feet because a local zoning official told him he couldn’t build over 25 and he just added a zero.

Ballroom inside Castle

As It Stands

Today’s visitors to the Bishop Castle will find an impressively monumental statue in stone and iron that cries loud testament to the beauty and glory of not only having a dream, but sticking with your dream no matter what. Most importantly, that if you do believe in yourself and strive to maintain that belief, anything can happen! Three full stories of interior rooms complete with a Grand Ballroom, soaring towers and bridges with vistas of a hundred miles, and a Fire-Breathing Dragon make the Bishop Castle quite the unforgettable experience! Visitors are always welcome FREE of charge, and the castle itself is always OPEN. Please respect this trust and honor while visiting!

More pics and info: https://www.bishopcastle.org/

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Published by NebraskaFilly

Army veteran (1976-1979), retired with entirely too much time on my hands

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179 thoughts on “Bishop Castle”

  1. I’d be willing to bet there are many more of these tunnels!!!!

    Entire Article @ DC: “Authorities discovered a large cross-border drug smuggling tunnel in California, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of California announced Monday.

    The tunnel, linking Otay Mesa, California and Tijuana, Mexico, was 1,744 feet long, 61 feet deep and 4 feet in diameter, and had reinforced walls, a rail system and electricity, according to the Attorney’s Office. The tunnel was about 350 feet from the border with Mexico, U.S. Attorney Randy Grossman said during a press conference.

    Homeland Security Investigation (HSI) agents discovered the tunnel Friday while on surveillance of a residence that was used for cocaine smuggling in March, according to the Attorney’s Office. As a result of the bust, six people were charged with conspiring to distribute 1,762 pounds of cocaine.

    “There is no more light at the end of this narco-tunnel. We will take down every subterranean smuggling route we find to keep illicit drugs from reaching our streets and destroying our families and communities,” Grossman said in a statement. Authorities were able to make several arrests while following vehicles going in and out of the warehouse to pick up drugs, according to a complaint. Agents pulled over the individuals, finding narcotics in their cars.

    “The San Diego law enforcement community has multiple investigative task forces that highly prioritize tunnel detection- exemplified by this tunnel discovery by the Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) San Diego led Costa Pacifico Money Laundering Task Force. The San Diego law enforcement community throughout the years has consistently shown its ability to detect and remediate tunnels while bringing those responsible to justice,” HSI San Diego Special Agent in Charge Chad Plantz said in a statement.”

    Liked by 1 person

  2. Entire Article @ Free Beacon: “Senate Democrats abruptly canceled a hearing at which President Joe Biden’s new disinformation czar Nina Jankowicz was expected to testify, a decision made after embarrassing videos posted by the self-proclaimed “Mary Poppins of disinformation” sparked a political firestorm.

    Senate Democrats planned to hold a May 10 hearing on “disinformation, misinformation, and malinformation,” just a couple of weeks after Biden tapped Jankowicz to head his administration’s newly created Disinformation Governance Board. Democratic leaders were reluctant to have Jankowicz face Republican questioning, however, prompting them to nix the hearing, three Senate offices told the Washington Free Beacon.

    “They yanked it when the entire ‘disinformation board’ blew up,” one senior aide told the Free Beacon. “They realized there’s no way they could reschedule without Nina Jankowicz being called to testify.”

    The Senate’s Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee had the hearing scheduled since April, but the optics of the hearing in light of Jankowicz’s negative press led to its abrupt cancellation. Such hearings are normally sleepy events on Capitol Hill, but the controversy surrounding Jankowicz would have made the hearing a spectacle. The hearing would have been an opportunity for Republicans to question not only Jankowicz but also the creation of the board in the first place. The administration has refused to answer questions about its decision to give the disinformation post to Jankowicz, who has drawn criticism for falsely labeling Hunter Biden’s laptop a “Russian influence op” and for her flamboyant TikTok videos.

    Canceling Senate hearings on such short notice is out of the ordinary and typically does not happen unless a witness or expert falls ill or has a last-minute scheduling conflict. The disinformation hearing, according to multiple Senate offices, had been scheduled since early April and was planned for May 10.

    The committee is helmed by Sen. Gary Peters (Mich.), who also chairs the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, the organization tasked with maintaining Democrats’ Senate majority. Aides speculated the event was canceled to insulate vulnerable Democrats from the political blowback of the disinformation board.

    “We have at least one Democrat who has a tough reelection coming up this cycle,” the aide said, referring to New Hampshire senator Maggie Hassan. “It’s pretty insane.” “Peters is running cover for the administration,” another aide said. Peters did not respond to a request for comment.

    Concerns about Biden’s appointment of Jankowicz to run the disinformation board surfaced immediately after Biden announced it late last month. Critics have said the agency may unfairly target conservatives. Sen. Josh Hawley (R., Mo.) has proposed legislation to defund the board altogether.

    Although the board is officially tasked with monitoring alleged disinformation from Latin America and hostile countries such as Russia, the Department of Homeland Security has refused to offer more details on its purview. Both Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas and former White House press secretary Jen Psaki said they were unfamiliar with Jankowicz’s past criticisms of conservatives and calls for censorship on social media.

    Unanswered questions about the board’s mission and the appointment of Jankowicz have raised concerns even from the left-leaning media, with the Washington Post criticizing DHS for failing to explain “what precisely [the board] is—and what it will do.” The Nation said Jankowicz’s past work “should have set off alarm bells” in the administration.

    The canceled disinformation hearing is not the first time politics have gotten in the way of scheduled Democratic hearings. The Free Beacon reported in March that House Democrats canceled a follow-up hearing with oil and gas executives. Congressional Democrats did not cite a reason for why that March meeting was canceled, although Republicans on the Hill speculated it was due to the poor optics of attacking oil companies for energy production during a period of historically high gas prices.”

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  3. Ha! Couldn’t happen to a nicer guy! ROFL

    Entire Article @ FB: “No Books. No Money. Just the Truth. That’s the title of the meandering Substack post Steve Schmidt threw up last week at the tail end of a two-day Twitter bender. In that time, he didn’t take more than an hour away from the keyboard, tapping out stilted and overwrought attacks against the late war hero John McCain and his daughter, Meghan.

    Since then, he’s widened the aperture, lashing out at the living, from Republican lawmakers (New York Rep. Elise Stefanik, Nebraska Gov. Pete Ricketts) to journalists (Maggie Haberman, Matt Lewis, Jonah Goldberg) and another subset of former colleagues (sorry, Lincoln Project).

    Schmidt, in what is obviously a mental unraveling, denies any responsibility for McCain’s decision to tap Sarah Palin as his running mate in 2008. He claims he didn’t even sit down with Palin until after McCain had made his choice and that, in the end, he didn’t even vote for the old man.

    “This was a lapse in John’s judgment, not mine,” he writes. “My mistake was leaving John McCain alone in a room with her.” Schmidt elaborated days later in an interview with the Kyiv Post. “The first time I had a conversation with her was after the decision had been made,” he said of Palin, adding that he went “bananaramas” over the decision—whatever that means.

    Well, there was a book! It was called Game Change, and Schmidt and his fellow turncoat Nicolle Wallace were the primary sources for it. The book eventually earned Schmidt a red-carpet appearance with Woody Harrelson, who played him on the big screen.

    According to Game Change, Palin’s vetting was hardly outsourced. The authors describe an hours-long conversation between Schmidt, Palin, and McCain aide Mark Salter that took place before her selection at the Flagstaff, Ariz., home of McCain supporter Bob Delgado. Schmidt “wanted to be sure Palin was ready for what she’d face and would toe the line.”

    But he and Salter, by their own account, dropped the ball. “They asked her nothing to plumb the depths of her knowledge about foreign or domestic policy,” the book recounts. “They didn’t explore her preparedness to be vice president. They assumed she knew as much as the average governor, and that what she didn’t know, she would pick up on the fly. They weren’t searching for problems. They were looking for a last-second solution.”

    It wasn’t just the book. There were news reports, too! A 2012 New York Times article chronicled how Schmidt had parlayed the disastrous McCain campaign into fame and fortune through “self-criticism and challenges to his own party.” (Sound familiar?)

    “It was Mr. Schmidt who first championed Sarah Palin as Mr. McCain’s running mate, a bold move, he told Mr. McCain, that could win him the White House,” reporter Adam Nagourney wrote. “My regret,” Schmidt told Nagourney, “is I should have been the guy to say, ‘Stop, it’s too risky.’ As opposed to the guy saying: ‘Let’s take the risk. We have to win this.'”

    Was Schmidt lying then, or is he lying now? That’s a trick question. He’s been lying the whole way. That includes his complaint that, when the McCain campaign ended, “Sarah Palin lashed out at Nicolle Wallace and me” and “smeared us as disloyal leakers.”

    Schmidt’s public self-abasement has made clear for all to see what was evident to those who served on the campaign: He is disloyal and he did smear Palin in an attempt to preserve his reputation with the same reporters who breathlessly regurgitate the bullshit of a deranged man 14 years on. (Attention, New York Times reporters, the link to your archive is here.)

    Now Schmidt says he’s converting to Judaism. We hope that’s a lie, too, but if not, we await the epic Twitter thread denouncing Hashem. It can’t be long.”

    Liked by 1 person

  4. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of “dark money” groups like this!

    EXCERPT: “In May, a group called Accountable Tech, which calls itself a “small nonprofit taking on Big Tech companies,” organized a corporate boycott to protest Elon Musk’s bid to buy Twitter. In the midwest, a group called Opportunity Wisconsin, which bills itself as a “coalition of Wisconsin residents,” ran a deluge of TV ads slamming Republican senator Ron Johnson for his tax policies. And in Arizona, an organization of “grassroots racial justice” activists called Just Democracy released a video blasting Democratic senator Kyrsten Sinema for failing to support the Biden administration’s legislative agenda.

    None of these groups actually exist. They are all registered trade names for the North Fund, a shape-shifting nonprofit group that uses aliases to push an array of left-wing causes from a shell office in Washington, D.C., according to corporate records.

    Political watchdogs say the fund, which isn’t required to disclose the donors behind its $66 million budget, is gearing up to be one of the most consequential dark-money players of the midterm elections. And while “astroturf” groups are nothing new in politics, critics say the North Fund is part of a new breed—moving away from specific policy advocacy and delving into electoral politics.

    “North Fund has said screw it,” said Hayden Ludwig, a senior investigator with the Capital Research Center. “They’ve just decided to be as partisan as they can.” “Their money has been pretty much exclusively focused on Senate races, on ballot initiatives, and a few things kind of related to that,” Ludwig added. “The general theme there is cementing permanent Democratic majorities in Congress.”

    The North Fund, which was founded in 2018, is helmed by a handful of Democratic operatives, including former Clinton aide Jim Gerstein. It operates under at least eight trade names, according to D.C. corporate records, including “51 for 51,” a group pushing for statehood for the heavily Democratic District of Columbia, and the “Voting Rights Lab Action,” which advocates for voting policy reforms favorable to Democrats.

    https://freebeacon.com/latest-news/the-shape-shifting-dc-dark-money-group-disguising-liberal-campaigns-across-country/

    Liked by 1 person

              1. And deer and fox and raccoons…..I don’t have to worry about any of those, either. I kind of look at it as the perfect place – way down south on the outskirts, but still in a residential area so not many wild animals come within range.

                Liked by 1 person

  6. PAPER BALLOTS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    nice group of women at the polls…
    when i was i done filling in my ballot, I asked what do i do with it now–and they all pointed to the only machine there–and one woman said–that’s right…it goes right there…in the shredder…
    I about busted a gut…
    (it was just hubby and me in there at the time…she said, I knew you’d enjoy that!)

    Liked by 1 person

    1. Only the two of you? Bummer! We always have paper ballots – the problem is, they get scanned INTO the machines, where they can be manipulated. I don’t know if that happens at our county courthouse or elsewhere. I think it’s at the CH.

      Liked by 1 person

      1. when i worked at the borough office one town over, the voting was in the council room–as soon as the polls opened, there was a rush, then at lunch and then again after 5 till closing…
        typical for small towns not to be busy at 4 in the afternoon

        Liked by 1 person

  7. General Michael Flynn explains why he’s backing @Kathy4Truth for U.S. Senate!

    Watch Emerald Robinson every day on https://t.co/nw3HVz0tAm at 12pm & 4pm ET! pic.twitter.com/vFuDsMAjyB

    — The Absolute Truth with Emerald Robinson (@AbsoluteWithE) May 16, 2022

    🚨 BREAKING NEWS: General Michael Flynn intends on suing the FBI, DOJ, U.S. Attorney’s Office in Washington D.C., Special Counsel Robert Mueller’s office and the Executive Office of the President.

    Watch Emerald Robinson every day on https://t.co/nw3HVz0tAm at 12pm & 4pm ET! pic.twitter.com/G4t4EkpoPX

    — The Absolute Truth with Emerald Robinson (@AbsoluteWithE) May 16, 2022

    General Flynn — “We are going to go after these people – and we actually filed very quietly, an intention to sue to the Department of Justice, all of these people, from Jim Comey up to President Obama.”

    Liked by 1 person

  8. for the love of mike…how does the gov’t propose to solve the baby formula problem? BY INCREASING GOV’T!!!! every solution they have is to INCREASE GOV’T

    copied from tcth

    Troublemaker10
    May 17, 2022 4:37 pm

    Something tells me this isn’t going to solve the issue

    ********

    House Democrats Introduce $28 Million Bill to Address Baby Formula Shortages

    Excerpt:

    Now, Democrats in the House have introduced the $28 million legislation to further reduce the shortages across the nation.

    The funds would be used to increase staffing at the FDA with a targeted focus on boosting inspections to help more formula enter the market and to prevent fraudulent or subpar products from making it to grocery store shelves, among other appropriations.

    https://m.theepochtimes.com/house-democrats-introduce-28-million-bill-to-address-baby-formula-shortages_4472457.html

    Liked by 1 person

  11. Had a guy at BB arguing with me about Ukraine/Russia. I tried to tell him and he wanted proof. So I replied with 2 articles and a video. Then he comes back and says some BS about using other people’s opinions. WTF does he expect, that I’m going to travel to Ukraine to get it first-hand. That was a couple of hours ago and, gee, silence now! FFS – assholes gonna asshole!

    Like

  12. Well, lookee there! Fox news reporting on a “sudden surge” for Kathy Barnette. Of course, they parrot the BS about her not being able to win over independents in the General.

    Printing error in one PA area – “There is a serious issue in Luxor county right now, it could delay election results. We’ve learned that a printing error has caused thousands of mail-in ballots not to scan properly so they will have to be counted manually and that is a process that a Republican County Commissioner who spoke to us said “it could take days.” Pretty sure all states use some kind of machine….

    From Ballotpedia: “The following types of voting equipment are in use in the United States or have been used in recent years:[1]

    – Optical scan paper ballot systems: Voters mark their votes by filling in an oval, box, or similar shape on a paper ballot. The paper ballots are scanned either at the polling place or at a central location.[1]

    – Direct recording electronic (DRE) systems: DRE systems employ computers that record votes directly into the computers’ memory. These interfaces may incorporate touchscreens, dials, or mechanical buttons. The voter’s choices are stored by the computer on a cartridge or hard drive. Some DRE systems are also equipped with Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) printers, which produce paper records that can be preserved to be tabulated in case of an audit or recount.[1]

    – Ballot-marking devices and systems (BMDs): A BMD “allows for the electronic presentation of a ballot, electronic selection of valid contest options, and the production of a human-readable paper ballot, but does not make any other lasting record of the voter’s selections.” Initially used primarily to accommodate voters with disabilities, BMDs are used by all voters in some locations.[1]”

    PA uses hand-marked ballots (scanned) and BMD systems. NE uses the hand-marked ballots (scanned) and BMD for accessibility, i.e., for the handicapped, presumably.

    https://ballotpedia.org/Voting_methods_and_equipment_by_state

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    1. I used optical scanners a number of times – it basically scans it and creates a picture of the ballot. I’m not sure if they have OCR’s that calculate the votes or not – back when I used them, they were just basic and did nothing but scan the document. I would guess they are way more advanced by now.

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